What is a significant difference between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not

Animal cells have chloroplasts, plant cells do not

Plant cells have mitochondria, animal cells do not

Animal cells have a cell wall, plant cells do not

What is a specialised cell?

A cell that has a specific structure and function to help it perform a particular job in the body

A cell that can perform any function in the body

A cell that is structurally identical to all others

What is the function of stomata in a plant cell?

Stores water for the plant to use during dry periods

Stops gases from moving in and out of the leaf and controls water storage

Allows gases, like carbon dioxide and oxygen, to move in and out of the leaf and controls water loss through transpiration

Produces glucose through photosynthesis

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

Where organelles are suspended and where chemical reactions take place

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Transports oxygen around the cell

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Provides structure and support to the cell

Synthesises proteins and allows cells to move

Cells are only found in multicellular organisms and are not present in unicellular organisms

Only animal cells are alive, while plant cells are not

Cells can spontaneously appear from non-living matter

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells

What is the process of mitosis?

Cell division: a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells for growth and repair

Cell growth: to allow the cell to grow larger

Protein synthesis: to create proteins for the cell

Cells absorb nutrients and expand without dividing

What is the function of the fine focus knob on a microscope?

It makes small adjustments to sharpen the image

It increases the size of the specimen by making it grow

It controls the amount of light passing through the specimen

What is the role of the objective lens in a microscope?

Magnifies the specimen so it can be seen in more detail

Helps the specimen grow larger by providing nutrients

Adjusts the brightness of the light passing through the specimen

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of arteries?

Thick, muscular walls to withstand high pressure

Thin walls with valves to prevent backflow

Very thin walls, only one cell thick, for diffusion

Wide lumen with little muscle to reduce resistance

What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To allow the exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues

To carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

To transport blood under high pressure

To store extra blood for later use

Which feature of veins helps blood return to the heart?

Valves that prevent the backflow of blood

Thick, elastic walls that maintain high pressure

A single layer of cells that allows diffusion

A narrow lumen to keep blood moving quickly

How do arteries and veins differ in the blood they carry?

Most arteries carry oxygenated blood, but the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood, while veins always carry deoxygenated blood

Arteries carry blood toward the heart, while veins carry blood away from the heart

Veins carry blood under high pressure, while arteries carry blood under low pressure

Why do capillaries have walls that are only one cell thick?

To allow efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients

To reduce blood pressure before it enters the veins

To prevent backflow of blood in low-pressure areas

To provide extra strength for blood moving at high pressure

What is the exception to the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

The aorta carries deoxygenated blood to the body

The pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Which of the following correctly describes the function of red blood cells?

They transport oxygen around the body using hemoglobin

They help fight infections by attacking bacteria and viruses

They help in blood clotting by forming a mesh over wounds

They carry waste products like carbon dioxide to the kidneys

What is the main role of plasma in the blood?

To transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products

To carry oxygen using hemoglobin

To destroy harmful bacteria and viruses

To form clots and stop bleeding

How do white blood cells help protect the body?

They produce antibodies and engulf harmful microorganisms to fight infections and provide immunity

They transport oxygen to different parts of the body

They carry carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation

They help maintain body temperature by distributing heat

What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

To help the blood clot and prevent excessive bleeding

To transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

To fight infections by engulfing bacteria and viruses

To transport nutrients and hormones around the body

Which of the following correctly describes the passage of blood through the heart?

Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium, moves to the right ventricle, goes to the lungs for oxygen, then returns to the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and is pumped to the body.

Blood enters the heart through the aorta, travels to the lungs, and then exits through the veins

Blood enters the left ventricle first, then travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen before being pumped to the body via the Pulmonary Artery

The heart only pumps oxygen-rich blood, and blood does not need to pass through the lungs before circulating to the body

How do the muscular walls of the atria differ from those of the ventricles?

The ventricles have thicker walls to pump blood over longer distances

The atria have thicker walls to pump blood more forcefully

The ventricles have thinner walls than the atria

The atria have the thickest walls to support high pressure

What is the role of the papillary muscles and tendons in the heart?

They help open and close the heart valves to prevent backflow of blood

They increase the pressure of the blood entering the heart

They prevent blood from entering the ventricles

hey carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Which chambers and vessels of the heart carry oxygenated blood?

The left atrium and left ventricle

The right atrium and pulmonary artery

The right ventricle and pulmonary veins

The right atrium and left ventricle

What is the myocardium in the heart?

The muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction and pumping blood

The outer layer of the heart that protects it from infection

The layer of tissue that carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

The lining of the heart chambers that prevents blood from leaking out

Describe how the circulatory system interacts with the respiratory and digestive systems.

By transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

By producing oxygen and digesting food.

By storing oxygen and nutrients.

By creating energy and storing waste.

Explain why the heart beats faster during exercise.

To supply more oxygen and nutrients to muscles.

Recall the word equation for cellular respiration.

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + heat.

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + light.

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + sound.

Which of the following is the main function of the human respiratory system?

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body

To remove waste from the body, such as urea

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

The chest cavity expands, and air is drawn into the lungs

The lungs deflate, and air is pushed out

The ribs move downwards, and the lungs shrink

The trachea closes to stop airflow

How do the intercostal muscles help with breathing?

They pull the ribs outward and upward to increase lung volume during inhalation

They relax to push air into the lungs

They prevent air from escaping through the nose and mouth

They break down oxygen so it can be used by the body

Define the process of diffusion.

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Movement of particles from low to high concentration.

Movement of particles from high to high concentration.

Movement of particles from low to low concentration.

Why are the alveoli important in the respiratory system?

They allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged between the lungs and blood

hey transport oxygen to the rest of the body

They produce mucus to trap dust and bacteria

They store oxygen to keep the lungs inflated and working properly

How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood?

Oxygen diffuses from high concentration in the alveoli to low concentration in the blood

Oxygen is actively pumped into the blood using energy

The heart forces oxygen into the blood vessels through pressure

White blood cells carry oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream

Why does carbon dioxide move from the blood into the alveoli?

Carbon dioxide is at a higher concentration in the blood, so it diffuses into the alveoli where the concentration is lower

The blood forces it into the alveoli through pressure

The alveoli produce carbon dioxide, so it naturally moves into them

Carbon dioxide is at a lower concentration in the blood, so it diffuses into the alveoli where the concentration is higher

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Protein synthesis

Cell division

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How does an image appear when viewed through a microscope?

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What are cells?

Which of the following is a characteristic of unicellular organisms?

What advantage do multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms?

What is the function of the cell membrane?

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

What is the main function of chloroplasts?

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

What is a significant difference between plant and animal cells?

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