Axial Skeleton: The Skull and Vertebral Column

What are the temporal bones and their features?

• Two bones located at the sides of the head, featuring the zygomatic process and mastoid process.

• Bones located at the front of the skull, known for their role in protecting the brain.

• Single bone located at the base of the skull, responsible for hearing.

• Two small bones located in the ear, involved in balance.

What are the palatine bones and their significance?

• Two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate; failure to fuse medially results in cleft palate.

• Small bones located in the nasal cavity that support the nasal septum.

• Bones that form the upper jaw and hold the teeth in place.

• Flat bones that protect the brain and support the skull.

What is the function of facial bones?

• Support the structure of the face and hold the eyes in an anterior position.

• Protect the brain from injury.

• Facilitate the movement of the jaw for chewing.

• Provide attachment points for facial muscles.

How many cranial bones are there and what are they?

• 6 cranial bones: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

• 8 cranial bones: frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

• 10 cranial bones: frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and zygomatic.

• 7 cranial bones: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and nasal.

What is the frontal bone and its function?

• Forms the anterior portion of the cranium (forehead) and articulates with the parietal bones via the coronal suture.

• Protects the brain from external injury.

• Supports the nasal cavity and the eyes.

• Facilitates the movement of the jaw.

What are the zygomatic bones?

• Irregularly shaped bones that form the prominences of the cheeks.

• Bones that protect the brain from injury.

• Flat bones that make up the roof of the mouth.

• Long bones found in the arms and legs.

What is the occipital bone and its major markings?

• Forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base, with major markings including the foramen magnum and occipital condyles.

• A small bone located at the front of the skull, primarily involved in facial structure.

• The bone that forms the upper jaw and holds the teeth.

• A flat bone that protects the brain's lateral sides and contains the ear structures.

What is the hyoid bone and its function?

• A bone that is part of the skull and supports the jaw.

• A bone located inferior to the mandible that serves as an attachment point for neck muscles.

• A floating bone in the chest that protects the heart.

• A bone in the arm that connects the shoulder to the elbow.

What is the mandible and its major markings?

• The upper jawbone, smallest bone of the face, with major markings including the nasal margin.

• The lower jawbone, largest and strongest bone of the face, with major markings including the alveolar margin.

• A bone in the skull that supports the teeth, with major markings including the zygomatic arch.

• The bone that forms the forehead, with major markings including the frontal sinus.

What are the regions of the vertebral column?

• Cervical (7 bones), thoracic (12 bones), lumbar (5 bones), sacrum, and coccyx.

• Cervical (5 bones), thoracic (12 bones), lumbar (7 bones), sacrum, and coccyx.

• Cervical (7 bones), thoracic (10 bones), lumbar (5 bones), sacrum, and coccyx.

• Cervical (8 bones), thoracic (12 bones), lumbar (5 bones), sacrum, and coccyx.