Understanding Nail Structure & Growth - Study Guide

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. The nail _ is the "factory" where nail cells are made.

• matrix

• bed

• stem

• pillar

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'matrix' because the nail matrix is the area where new nail cells are produced, forming the nail itself. The other options do not refer to the production site of nail cells.

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. The _ is the hard, visible part of the nail.

• nail plate

• nail bed

• cuticle

• free edge

Answer explanation

The nail plate is the hard, visible part of the nail that protects the underlying structures. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail, the cuticle is the tissue at the base, and the free edge is the part that extends beyond the fingertip.

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. The _ is the white half-moon shape at the base of the nail.

• lunula

• eponychium

• hyponychium

• cuticle

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'lunula', which refers to the white half-moon shape at the base of the nail. The other options, such as eponychium, hyponychium, and cuticle, refer to different parts of the nail anatomy.

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. The _ acts as a protective seal between the nail and skin.

• cuticle

• epidermis

• corneum

• dermis

Answer explanation

The cuticle is the layer of skin at the base of the nail that acts as a protective seal, preventing bacteria and other harmful substances from entering the area between the nail and skin.

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. The _ is located under the free edge and creates a seal against microorganisms.

• cuticle

• matrix

• lunula

• nail bed

Answer explanation

The cuticle is the layer of skin located under the free edge of the nail. It acts as a barrier, sealing the area to protect against microorganisms, making it the correct choice for the blank.

What is the primary function of the nail matrix?

• To protect the nail

• To produce nail cells

• To moisturize the nail

• To color the nail

Answer explanation

The primary function of the nail matrix is to produce nail cells, which are essential for nail growth. The other options do not accurately describe the main role of the nail matrix.

Which part of the nail is visible and should be smooth and shiny?

• A) Lunula

• B) Nail matrix

• C) Nail plate

• D) Cuticle

Answer explanation

The nail plate is the visible part of the nail that should be smooth and shiny. It protects the underlying structures and is the main part of the nail that is seen.

What does the cuticle do for the nail?

• Produces nail cells

• Indicates health

• Acts as a barrier against bacteria

• Supports nail growth

Answer explanation

The cuticle acts as a barrier against bacteria, protecting the nail matrix and preventing infections. While it does not produce nail cells or directly support growth, its protective function is crucial for nail health.

Which of the following factors does NOT affect nail growth?

• Temperature

• Color

• Nutrition

• Activity level

Answer explanation

Nail growth is influenced by factors like temperature, nutrition, and activity level, which affect overall health and circulation. Color, however, does not impact the growth rate of nails.

Why do fingernails grow faster than toenails?

• Less circulation in toes

• More frequent use of hands

• Toenails are thicker

Answer explanation

Fingernails grow faster than toenails primarily due to more frequent use of hands, which stimulates nail growth. The increased activity and circulation in the fingers promote faster growth compared to the less active toes.