MWH Module 4 Section #3 Bellwork

According to the excerpt below by Ludwig von Mises, how did the factory system allow people to make money?

“…The factory owners did not have the power to compel anybody to take a factory job. They could only hire people who were ready to work for the wages offered to them. Low as these wage rates were, they were nonetheless much more than these paupers could earn in any other field open to them. It is distorian of facts to say that the factories carried off the housewives from the nurseries and the kitchens and the children from their play. These women had nothing to cook with and [nothing] to feed their children. These children were destitute [poor] and starving. Their only refuge was the factory. It saved them, in the strict sense of the term, from death by starvation…”

- Ludwig von Mises, Human Action, A Treatise on Economics, Yale University Press

• It forced people to take factory jobs against their will

• It provided higher wages than any other available job options

• It eliminated the need for workers to seek employment

• It reduced the wages of workers, making them poorer

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

• Germany

• The United States

• Great Britain

• France

Match each development in industrialization with its impact.

• Spinning Jenny

• Allowed mass production of steel

• Bessemer Process

• Powered factories and improved transportation

• Steam Engine

• Provided more employment opportunities

• Labor Unions

• Formed to improve working conditions

• Women in factories

• Increased textile production

Industrialization spread from ​ (a)   to ​ (b)   , where it led to the expansion of industries such as steel, railroads, and textiles.

• Great Britain
• the United States
• France
• Russia
• Germany
• Italy

Sort the following industrialization effects into Economic Impacts or Social Impacts.

Groups:

(a) Economic Impacts

,

(b) Social Impacts

• Women entering the workforce

• Increased job opportunities

• Formation of labor unions

• Child labor in dangerous conditions

• Growth of factory systems

• Mass production of goods

Arrange these key events of industrialization in chronological order.

• Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain

• Labor unions emerge to improve working conditions

• Industrialization spreads to the United States

• Bessemer Process revolutionizes steel production

Why were labor unions formed during the Industrial Revolution?

• To increase production efficiency

• To create more factory jobs

• To support business owners in managing workers

• To protect workers from harsh conditions and low wages

Categorize each statement into Positive Effects and Negative Effects for workers.

Groups:

(a) Positive Effects

,

(b) Negative Effects

• Increased wages over time

• More job opportunities

• Long working hours with little pay

• Harsh and unsafe working conditions

What was one major effect of the factory system on workers?

• People were able to earn money through wage labor

• Workers had more control over their schedules

• Fewer people moved to cities for jobs

• Family-run businesses became more common

The ​ (a)   allowed for the mass production of steel, which made it easier to build railroads and large buildings, while the ​ (b)   helped revolutionize textile production.

• Bessemer Process
• Spinning Jenny
• Steam Engine
• Water Frame
• Steamboat
• Telegraph