Lobotomy: Issues and Outcomes

The video explores the history of lobotomy, a controversial medical procedure developed in the early 20th century by Egas Moniz. Initially intended to treat mental illness by severing neural fibers, it gained popularity despite severe side effects and ethical concerns. The procedure was later simplified by Walter Freeman, leading to widespread use until the advent of tranquilizers. Lobotomy's legacy highlights the importance of ethical standards in scientific progress.

What was the main finding of John Farquhar Fulton's research on chimps?

• Chimps became more intelligent.

• Chimps no longer experienced frustration or anxiety.

• Chimps developed new cognitive functions.

• Chimps became more aggressive.

What did Egas Moniz believe could be achieved by replicating the chimp procedure in humans?

• Increased intelligence

• Improved physical health

• Enhanced memory

• Cure for mental illness

What was the primary criticism of Moniz's prefrontal lobotomy?

• It required too much time.

• It was not effective.

• It was an invasive surgical solution.

• It was too expensive.

What was the outcome for many patients who underwent lobotomy according to Moniz's reports?

• They became more intelligent.

• They developed new mental illnesses.

• They experienced severe pain.

• They became tranquil and amicable.

What was a significant problem with the notion of a 'normal life' for lobotomy patients?

• It was based on restrictive social norms.

• It was too expensive to achieve.

• It was only achievable in certain countries.

• It required constant medical supervision.

What was the main issue with the results of lobotomy surgeries?

• They were universally positive.

• They were always negative.

• They were inconsistent and unpredictable.

• They were too predictable.

What was the key feature of Freeman's transorbital lobotomy?

• It was performed through the eye socket.

• It required a large surgical team.

• It was more expensive than previous methods.

• It took several hours to complete.

Why was the transorbital lobotomy controversial?

• It required advanced surgical skills.

• It was only available in certain countries.

• It was quick and accessible to amateurs.

• It was too expensive.

What led to the decline of lobotomies in the 1950s?

• The development of new surgical techniques.

• The lack of trained surgeons.

• The introduction of tranquilizers.

• The rise of psychoanalysis.

How is lobotomy often portrayed in popular culture today?

• As a successful medical treatment.

• As a metaphor for controlling non-conformity.

• As a forgotten medical practice.

• As a humorous medical procedure.