3

John is completing a lengthy test in which he must indicate whether various written statements are true or false about himself. He is most likely taking which of the following?

• A) A personality inventory

• B) A projective test

• C) An achievement test

• D) An intelligence test

• E) A neuropsychological test

In an experiment, a researcher showed children a video of a person interacting with a doll. Half of the children watched a video of a person behaving violently toward a doll, and the other half saw a video of a person playing nicely with a doll. The researcher also looked at whether the gender and age of the child made a difference in how they interacted with the doll. In this study, the dependent variable was:

• the age at which children begin engaging in parallel play

• the gender of the researcher

• the gender of the children

• the way children interact with a doll

Psychologists from which of the following perspectives of personality are most interested in assessing a person’s locus of control?

• Psychoanalytic

• Cognitive

• Evolutionary

• Humanistic

• Gestalt

Figures such as the one below are used in which of the following kinds of test?

• Verbal intelligence

• Nonverbal intelligence

• Self-report personality

• Projective personality

• Cognitive reasoning

A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson’s stage of development?

• Industry vs. Inferiority

• Identity vs. role confusion

• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

• Integrity vs. despair

• Trust vs. mistrust

In Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to:

• have a tantrum when the mother left the room

• express happiness when the mother returned to the room

• prevent the mother from leaving the room

• try to play with the stranger when the mother left the room

• not notice when the mother returned to the room

Carol Gilligan, in her criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg, proposed that the moral reasoning of males is primarily based on:

• male repression of females, whereas the moral reasoning of females is based on economics

• rational abstract principles, whereas the moral reasoning of females is based on relationships and the social context

• legalistic ideals, whereas the moral reasoning of females is based on more humanistic ideals

• observational learning, whereas the moral reasoning of females is genetically determined for the most part

• physical strength, whereas males start developing morally later than females but surpass them soon afterward

Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options—to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing?

• Approach-avoidance

• Avoidance-avoidance

• Unconscious

• Approach-approach

• Interpersonal

Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin’s behavior illustrates:

• rationalization

• projection

• reaction formation

• regression

• displacement

Nick admitted to his parents that he was not working to his potential in his academics and sports. Even though his parents were disappointed, instead of yelling at Nick, they accepted him and wanted to help him work through his feelings. His parents’ behavior exemplified:

• congruence

• reciprocal determinism

• ambivalent attachment

• authoritarian parenting

• unconditional positive regard