AP Psychology Unit 2 Vocabulary - Cognition

Abigail is walking through a bustling city street, taking in the sights and sounds around her. What is the process of organizing and interpreting this sensory information to give meaning to her environment?

• Perception

• Encoding

• Retrieval

• Attention

Which processing approach starts with sensory input and works up to the brain's integration of this information?

• Top-down processing

• Bottom-up processing

• Selective attention

• Gestalt psychology

Maya always expects her favorite song to play first when she turns on the radio, even though the order is random. What is this mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?

• Proximity

• Closure

• Perceptual set

• Schema

Which memory type involves the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place?

• Semantic memory

• Procedural memory

• Episodic memory

• Implicit memory

At a crowded party, Abigail is able to focus on her friend's voice while ignoring all the background noise. What is this ability called?

• Cocktail party effect

• Inattentional blindness

• Selective attention

• Change blindness

Aria and Mia are playing catch in the park. Which depth cue helps them judge the distance of the ball using both their eyes?

• Monocular depth cues

• Texture gradient

• Relative size

• Binocular depth cues

Daniel is in a psychology class where the professor asks, "What is the term for the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?"

• Long-term memory

• Short-term memory

• Sensory memory

• Working memory

Mia is trying to organize her study materials for her psychology class. She learns about a model that suggests information passes through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Which model is this?

• Working memory model

• Multi-store model

• Central executive model

• Levels of processing model

Harper is studying for a test and notices that she remembers the first and last items on her study list better than the ones in the middle. What is this tendency called?

• Recency effect

• Serial position effect

• Primacy effect

• Spacing effect

What is the term for the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?

• Repression

• Proactive interference

• Encoding failure

• Retroactive interference