The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy. Which unit would best be used to represent the distance between the Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy?

• astronomical unit

• kilometer

• light year

• mile

The table shows the distances of planets from the sun.
What can you infer about the planets?

• The planets are relatively the same distance from the sun.

• The planets are relatively the same distance from each other.

• The farthest planet is about 30 times as far from the sun as the closest planet.

• Unlike the outer planets, the inner planets are far apart.

Susan is making a model to represent a universe, a galaxy, and a star. She places a bowl inside a shoe box. She places a ball inside the bowl. What do the shoe box, bowl, and ball represent?

• The shoe box represents a universe, the bowl represents a galaxy, and the ball represents a star.

• The shoe box represents a universe, the bowl represents a star, and the ball represents a galaxy.

• The shoe box represents a galaxy, the bowl represents a universe, and the ball represents a star.

• The shoe box represents a star, the bowl represents a galaxy, and the ball represents a universe.

The graph compares the surface temperature and color of stars.

What would be the color of a star that has a surface temperature of approximately 15,000 K?

• blue

• white

• orange

• red

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its apparent magnitude. How is apparent magnitude different from absolute magnitude?

• Apparent magnitude depends on the distance of a star from Earth; absolute magnitude does not.

• Apparent magnitude depends on the color of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

• Apparent magnitude depends on the temperature of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

• Apparent magnitude depends on the size of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

Which sentence is a TRUE statement about the relationship between galaxies and stars?

• A galaxy contains only one star.

• A star contains only one galaxy.

• A galaxy contains many stars.

• A star contains many galaxies.

The sun has a layered structure. Which layer is MOST visible to an observer on Earth?

• core

• chromosphere

• radiation zone

• photosphere

Galileo discovered sunspots and noticed that they moved across the face of the sun. Why do sunspots move across the face of the sun?

• The sun rotates, carrying sunspots as it turns.

• They are blown by the solar wind.

• They are blown along by solar flares.

• They do not actually move, but only seem to move as Earth moves around the sun.

  We see the Sun during the day and other stars at night. The stars visible at night appear as tiny points of light. Which statement below best explains why nighttime stars appear so much smaller than the Sun?

• The sky is darker at night.

• The stars are farther from Earth.

• The stars are all smaller than the sun.

• The moon blocks out light from the stars.

Planets, stars, and galaxies are made of different forms of matter. Which of the following best describes the composition of the Milky Way?

• billions of black holes

• billions of moons

• billions of planets

• billions of stars