ELT_Kinds of Instruction & Medium of Instruction

When using a Focus on Form (FonF) approach, which of the following techniques is an example of a pre-emptive focus on form?

• A. After a speaking task, the teacher gives feedback on students’ misuse of past tense verbs.

• B. Before a task, the teacher reminds students to use comparative adjectives correctly during their discussion.

• C. During a task, the teacher corrects a student’s grammar mistake when it disrupts communication.

• D. Students are asked to memorize a list of irregular verbs before doing a writing task.

You want to teach students how to form the present perfect tense. Which of the following classroom techniques best reflects a Focus on Forms (FonFs) approach?

• A. Students read a travel blog and notice how the present perfect is used naturally.

• B. During a discussion, the teacher highlights a student’s incorrect use of present perfect and gives feedback.

• C. The teacher presents the rule for forming the present perfect (have/has + past participle) and gives students controlled exercises to practice.

• D. Students work in pairs to describe life experiences, with no grammar instruction provided.

During a communicative task, a student says: "Yesterday, I go to the beach." What should the teacher do if applying a reactive FonF technique?

• A. Ignore the error since meaning is clear.

• B. Pause the task and re-teach the past simple tense.

• C. Reformulate the student’s sentence by saying: "Oh, you mean you went to the beach?"

• D. Ask students to stop the task and complete a grammar worksheet on past tense.

You are designing a writing lesson where students will describe their favorite holiday memory. What is the most effective way to combine FonF and FonFs techniques?

• A. Start with explicit grammar instruction on past tense forms (FonFs), followed by a writing task where the teacher monitors and gives corrective feedback when errors arise (FonF).

• B. Only focus on meaning, ignoring errors to keep students confident.

• C. Tell students to read a model text and guess the grammar rules themselves with no explicit guidance.]

• D. Ask students to write freely and only give grammar feedback after the task is submitted.

What is the main characteristic of explicit teaching?

• A. Students acquire grammar naturally without realizing it.

• B. The teacher directly explains rules and provides structured practice.

• C. Students learn grammar only through listening and speaking activities.

• D. The teacher avoids correcting students’ mistakes.

Which of the following is an example of implicit teaching of the past simple tense?

• A. The teacher writes grammar rules on the board and gives exercises.

• B. The teacher asks students to memorize a list of past tense verbs.

• C. . The teacher tells a short story about yesterday’s activities and asks students to identify past tense verbs.

• D. The teacher gives students a worksheet to fill in the blanks with past tense verbs.

Which type of learner is more likely to benefit from explicit instruction?

• A. A young child learning a second language through immersion.

• B. A beginner adult learner who prefers clear explanations of grammar rules.

• C. A native speaker learning a new vocabulary list.

• D. A traveler picking up a language by interacting with locals.

What is the primary focus of EMI (English-Medium Instruction)?

• A) Enhancing students' first language proficiency.

• B) Delivering content with less explicit attention to language learning.

• C) Balancing language and content learning equally.

• D) Supporting multilingualism and maintaining students' first language.

Which of the following best describes a key feature of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning)?

• A) Using only the students' first language to teach academic content.

• B) Focusing solely on content delivery without language support.

• C) Integrating language and content learning with explicit attention to both.

• D) Ensuring international students can understand complex academic content.

According to Baker (2011), how is the medium of instruction defined?

B) The language used in teaching and learning subject content, which may differ from students' home language.

C) A method of using both the first and second languages equally in education.

D) A focus on language learning rather than content delivery.

• A) The exclusive use of the target language to teach all subjects.

• B) The language used in teaching and learning subject content, which may differ from students' home language.

• C) A method of using both the first and second languages equally in education.

• D) A focus on language learning rather than content delivery.