Critical Thinking Test 2

What is the main principle of deontological ethics?

• The consequences of actions determine their moral worth

• The end always justifies the means

• Actions should be judged by their inherent rightness or wrongness

• The greatest good for the greatest number of people

In utilitarianism, how is the morality of an action determined?

• By following strict moral rules

• By the amount of happiness or well-being it produces

• By religious principles

• By individual preferences

A student finds a wallet with $100. Utilitarianism would most likely suggest:

• Keeping the money because it brings personal happiness

• Returning the wallet because it's a universal moral duty

• Returning the wallet because it creates the most benefit for everyone involved

• Keeping the money to share with friends

Which scenario best reflects deontological thinking?

• Breaking a promise to help more people

• Telling the truth even if it leads to negative consequences

• Choosing the option that helps the majority

• Lying to protect someone's feelings

According to utilitarianism, which of the following actions would be considered most ethical?

• Following rules because they are rules

• Making decisions based on personal gain

• Choosing actions that maximize overall happiness

• Doing what feels right in the moment

What is a potential criticism of deontological ethics?

• It's too focused on consequences

• It can lead to rigid rules that ignore important outcomes

• It's too emotional

• It changes too often

In a utilitarian framework, how would you evaluate the success of an action?

• By measuring how well rules were followed

• By counting how many people approved

• By the amount of happiness it generated

• By the intentions behind the action

Which statement best describes a key difference between deontology and utilitarianism?

• Deontology focuses on intentions, while utilitarianism focuses on outcomes

• Deontology is ancient, while utilitarianism is modern

• Deontology is simple, while utilitarianism is complex

• Deontology is practical, while utilitarianism is theoretical

A doctor has to choose between saving one healthy person or five people who need organ transplants. Which ethical framework would more likely support saving the five people?

• Neither framework would address this

• Deontology, because it values all life equally

• Utilitarianism, because it produces the greatest good for the greatest number

• Both frameworks would give the same answer

Which fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself?

• Ad hominem

• Straw man

• Red herring

• Bandwagon