Observation and Interview Techniques

What is the primary purpose of observation in data collection?

• To analyze past records

• To personally watch, interact, or communicate with subjects

• To create a checklist of research topics

• To survey a large number of respondents

Which type of observation involves the researcher participating in the activities of the subjects?

• Non-participation observation

• Participant observation

• Indirect observation

• Mediated observation

In participant observation, which method is commonly used for recording findings?

• Checklists

• Logbooks or diary method

• Questionnaires

• Video recordings

What is the difference between descriptive observation and narrative account in participant observation?

• Descriptive observation records events; narrative account includes interpretations

• Narrative account focuses on data collection, while descriptive observation records conversations

• Descriptive observation uses checklists, while narrative account uses video recordings

• There is no difference between the two

What is the main characteristic of structured (non-participant) observation?

• The researcher takes part in the subjects’ activities

• The researcher remains detached and records observations using a checklist

• The researcher writes a personal reflection about the event

• The researcher interviews the subjects after observing them

When a researcher observes subjects secretly without their knowledge, what type of observation is this?

• Covert observation

• Overt observation

• Structured observation

• Indirect observation

Direct observation requires the researcher to:

• Observe past events

• Watch events as they happen in real-time

• Communicate with subjects through online platforms

• Ask questions about past behavior

Indirect observation is also known as:

• Participant research

• Behavioral psychology

• Behavior archaeology

• Structured observation

Which of the following is an example of indirect observation?

• Watching students in a classroom

• Listening to a recorded phone conversation

• Conducting a focus group discussion

• Administering a survey

Spot sampling was first used in the 1920s to study:

• Adult behavior in workplaces

• Children's nervous habits

• Crime rates in urban areas

• Online shopping behavior