AP Biology 8.5 Community Ecology

A community in the context of ecology refers to:

• a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

• the physical environment where organisms live.

• a group of different species living together in a particular area.

• the role and position a species has in its environment.

Which of the following is an example of a community?

• A) A single species of fish in a pond

• B) Humans, dogs, and rats living in the city of Chicago

• C) A group of trees in a forest

• D) A flock of birds in the sky

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What are some processes through which species interact in a community?

• Competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

• Photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration

• Erosion, weathering, sedimentation

• Evaporation, condensation, precipitation

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The diversity of a community is measured according to the passage by:

• species richness

• species evenness

• genetic diversity

• all of the above

What is the formula for the Diversity Index?

• Simpson's Index: D = 1 - Σ(n/N)²

• Shannon Index: H = -Σ(p * ln(p))

• Berger-Parker Index: d = Nmax/N

• Gini-Simpson Index: D = 1 - Σ(p²)

In a predator/prey relationship, which organism is the predator in the example given?

• Mouse

• Snake

• Hawk

• Rabbit

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Explain how predation acts as a top-down control in ecosystems.

• Predation regulates prey populations, maintaining balance in the ecosystem.

• Predation increases the number of prey species in an ecosystem.

• Predation has no effect on the ecosystem.

• Predation only affects the predator species.

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The role of predators in creating trophic cascades is to:

• increase the population of prey species

• decrease the population of prey species

• maintain the balance of ecosystems

• have no effect on the ecosystem

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What is interspecies competition?

• A type of competition between different species for the same resources.

• A type of competition within the same species for resources.

• A cooperative interaction between different species.

• A process of adaptation to environmental changes.

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Interspecies competition refers to relationships in which two species are competing for the same limited habitat, food, or water. True or False?

• True

• False

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