Nitrogen (Cambridge AS Level)

7.5 g of nitrogen monoxide reacts with 7.0 g of carbon monoxide on the surface of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car.

What is the total volume of the product gases measured at room conditions?

• 3.0 dm³

• 6.0 dm³

• 9.0 dm³

• 12.0 dm³

Three statements about ammonia molecules and ammonium ions are given.

1. In aqueous solution, ammonia molecules form coordinate bonds with hydroxide ions.

2. Ammonium ions are Brønsted−Lowry acids.

3. The H−N−H bond angle is larger in the ammonium ion than in the ammonia molecule.

Which statements are correct?

• 1 and 2 only

• 1 and 3 only

• 2 and 3 only

• 1, 2 and 3

A reaction between two gases takes place on the surface of the catalytic converter of a petrol-engined car.

In this reaction, four reactant molecules produce three product molecules.

What could be the two reactant gases in this reaction?

• nitrogen and carbon dioxide

• nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide

• nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide

• nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide

Which statement is correct?

• An ammonium ion is basic due to a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

• Nitrogen monoxide, NO, reacts with peroxyacetyl nitrate to produce a component of photochemical smog.

• Nitrogen dioxide catalyses the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide.

• Nitrogen is very unreactive due to the very strong permanent dipole−permanent dipole attractions between the nitrogen atoms.

What is the bond angle in the ammonium ion?

• 90⁰

• 107⁰

• 109.5⁰

• 120⁰

Which statement describes a property of an ammonium ion?

• An aqueous ammonium ion is a weak Brønsted−Lowry base.

• Aqueous ammoniumsulfate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make ammonia gas.

• An ammonium ion has a pyramidal shape with an H−N−H bond angle of 107^o.

• The four N−H covalent bonds in an ammonium ion are identical to each other.

Catalytic converters are fitted in the exhaust systems of many cars.

Gas X: caused acid rain if it is released into the air; is removed from car exhaust fumes by a catalytic converter

What is gas X?

• carbon dioxide

• carbon monoxide

• hydrocarbon vapour

• nitrogen dioxide

NH₄Cl reacts with NaOH in an aqueous solution.

Which statement is correct?

• The reaction gives rise of two different polar product molecules.

• The bond angle in the nitrogen-containing species remains unchanged.

• The ammonium ion acts as a base.

• The oxidation state of nitrogen increases in the reaction.

What is produced when 60 g of nitrogen monoxide reacts with an excess of carbon monoxide in a catalytic converter?

• 12 g of carbon and 92 g of nitrogen dioxide

• 24 g of carbon and 92 g of nitrogen doixide

• 88 g of carbon dioxide and 28 g of nitrogen

• 88 g of carbon and 56 g of nitrogen

Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is a primary pollutant produced by petrol engines and is found in their exhaust gases.

Which reaction occurs in a catalytic converter and decreases the emission of nitrogen monoxide?

• NO(g) + CO(g) → NO₂(g) + C(s)

• NO(g) + CO₂(g) → NO₂(g) + CO(s)

• 2NO(g) + 2CO(g) → N₂(g) + 2CO₂(s)

• 2NO(g) + CO₂(g) → 2NO₂(g) + C(s)