PS:U1:L3 Engineer It: Transforming Energy

A design solution is tested and found to meet all of the required design criteria and constraints. What steps should the designer take in order to arrive at the optimal solution?

• The designer should not change anything; the design is already an optimal solution.

• The designer should start over and build a new design solution; whichever design performs better will be the optimal solution.

• The designer should research other design solutions from other designers; whichever design performs the best is the optimal solution.

• The designer should make modifications to the design solution based on scientific principles and then test to see if the changes improve performance; if the changes improve performance, the new design is closer to an optimal solution.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

Sarah is designing a pendulum for a clock. She wants to increase the pendulum's kinetic energy at its lowest point. Which change would best accomplish this?

• Make the pendulum string shorter

• Use a lighter weight at the end of the pendulum

• Start the pendulum at a lower height

• Start the pendulum at a greater height

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Which question is most important when analyzing the performance of several possible design solutions for a waterproof cell phone container?

• Does the container fit all models of cell phones?

• Does the container leak while holding the cell phones?

• Can a cell phone be heard ringing while it is in the container?

• Can the container be constructed using materials that are low in cost?

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

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A student wants to design a toothpaste container that will give a single portion of toothpaste. Which step would be the best first step for the student to carry out?

• Buy a lot of tubes of toothpaste.

• Empty many tubes of toothpaste.

• Research different toothpaste containers.

• Research the favorite flavor of toothpaste.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

Ariana is designing a toy that allows preschool children to “fish” for numbers in a wooden puzzle using a magnetic wand. Each wooden piece has a metal strip attached to it. For the toy to be challenging and fun, children should be able to pick up their desired puzzle pieces with the wand in four out of five attempts. Ariana has built a prototype and is testing it with children. Each child made twenty attempts. Her test results are shown here. Select ALL of the correct statements about the toy design.

• A. Safety should also be tested in toy designs for children.

• B. Ariana’s toy design uses magnetic potential energy to function.

• C. Ariana does not need to modify the design of her toy based on the test results.

• D. Being challenging but fun for a preschool student is an example of a design criterion.

• E. Only two children were able to reach the target of retrieving their desired pieces four out of five times.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

A magnet passes over a paper clip, and the clip rises and sticks to the magnet. Compare the energy of the paper clip before the magnet was introduced and after it is stuck to the magnet. Identify the form of energy that changed for the paper clip.

• Chemical energy

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• Thermal energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A magnet passes over a paper clip, and the clip rises and sticks to the magnet. Compare the energy of the paper clip before the magnet was introduced and after it is stuck to the magnet. Identify the form of energy that changed for the paper clip. Did the energy The energy increase or decrease?.

• It increased.

• It decreased.

• It stayed the same

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What is true in terms of the change of a property that resulted in the change of energy with the paperclip and the magnet?

• The increase occurred because the mass above the ground decreased

• The increase occurred because the mass above the ground increased

• The increased occurred because the height above the ground increased

• The increase occurred because the height above the ground decreased

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

What happens to the energy of a ball as it rolls down a hill?

• The energy completely increases.

• The energy is completely lost.

• The balls potential energy decreases and its kinetic energy increases

• The balls kinetic energy decreases and its potential energy increases

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Energy transformations can be used to explain the performance difference between Team 1 and Team 2’s roller coasters because:

• Team 2’s roller coaster did not have enough kinetic energy converted to potential energy to overcome the second hill.

• Team 2’s roller coaster lost too much potential energy, while Team 1’s did not.

• Both roller coasters had identical energy transformations.

• Team 1’s roller coaster lost more kinetic energy than Team 2’s.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4