BUDGETING

What is the controlling idea of the selection?

• School budgeting decisions are best left to professionals.

• Public school budgets are determined by elected officials and should remain that way.

• Schools struggle to allocate sufficient funds to student-driven initiatives.

• Participatory budgeting allows students to contribute to financial decisions and civic engagement.

Which of these is the best summary of 5 and 6?

• PB helps students see the importance of being involved and money skills

• PB is an effective way to allocate school budgets fairly and help students learn from adults.

• Schools often struggle with budgeting due to student and teacher involvement.

• Student involvement in PB weakens the role of administrators and creates disrespect.

Which definition best matches the meaning of pitched in paragraph 6?

• Thrown forcefully

• Suggested or proposed

• Promoted for sale

• Angled steeply

Which text evidence best supports the idea that people should remain open-minded about PB results?

• "A student involved in New York’s PB program observed that while $2,000 ‘seems like a lot,’ it was inadequate for large-scale improvements."

• "We don’t know what the students will come up with. It’s a point of tension, but that’s part of the process."

• "Ultimately, in three years 30,000 students voted on how $250,000 should be spent."

• "One participating student said the process made her feel that her ‘voice actually does count.’"

Read this sentence from paragraph 3: "PB began in the 1980s and is now implemented in over 3,000 cities worldwide." How does the author’s language in this sentence contribute to the tone of the selection?

• By providing a fact and a statistic, it creates an informative tone.

• By sharing a detailed description, it creates a convincing tone.

• By highlighting the history of the topic, it creates a serioUs tone.

• By including a number and a date, it creates a positive tone.

    Which details best support the key idea that the benefits of participatory budgeting are long-lasting? (Select TWO.)

• "PB participants feel an increased sense of social responsibility."

• "Dr. Caroline Johnson, an independent researcher, found that individuals who participate in PB are 7% more likely to vote in future elections."

• "Participatory budgeting is also time-consuming."

• "A student involved in New York’s PB program observed that while $2,000 ‘seems like a lot,’ it was inadequate for large-scale improvements."

• "The Hechinger Report documented a PB initiative in New York where students controlled a $2,000 budget."

The author uses a categorical organizational structure in the selection most likely to –

 

 

• Provide a clear comparison between traditional budgeting and participatory budgeting.

• Explain multiple aspects of participatory budgeting in a logical manner.

• Emphasize the historical development of participatory budgeting.

• Persuade readers that participatory budgeting is superior to traditional methods.

  What is the most likely reason that the author uses direct address at the beginning of paragraph 1?

 

• To help the reader relate to the decision-making process that budgeting requires.

• To suggest to the reader that budgets take time and cooperation to successfully create.

   

• To emphasize to the reader that voting on how to spend school budget money works.

• To encourage the reader to research facts about how money is budgeted.