3.1 Quiz

What is the name of this fatty acid using the Alternate Nomenclature?

• ω-3

• ω-4

• ω-5

• ω-6

When lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerol, which two main products are formed?

• Glycerol and free fatty acids

• Phospholipids and glycerol

• Monoglycerides and cholesterol

• glycerol and ketone bodies

Which of the following enzymes involved in lipolysis are inhibited by insulin production?

• MGL and HSL

• MGL, HSL, ATGL

• ATGL only

• ATGL and HSL

When fatty acids are in the blood, they are bound to ______, and when they are in cells, they are bound to ______.

• fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs); Albumin

• Albumin; coenzyme A

• Albumin; fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs)

• fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs); acetyl-CoA

What is the role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in fatty acid uptake into the mitochondria?

• It directly transports fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane.

• It converts acyl-CoA into acyl-carnitine for transport into the mitochondria.

• It hydrolyzes triacylglycerols into free fatty acids for mitochondrial uptake.

• It activates fatty acids by attaching coenzyme A for β-oxidation.

How many β-oxidation cycles are required to fully break down a C16 fatty acid (palmitic acid), and how many acetyl-CoA molecules are produced?

• 7 cycles, 8 acetyl-CoA

• 8 cycles, 7 acetyl-CoA

• 16 cycles, 8 acetyl-CoA

• 7 cycles, 16 acetyl-CoA

What is the primary difference between lipolysis and β-oxidation?

• Lipolysis occurs in the mitochondria, while β-oxidation occurs in the cytoplasm.

• Lipolysis breaks down fatty acids, while β-oxidation breaks down triacylglycerols.

• Lipolysis and β-oxidation are the same process, just occurring in different tissues.

• Lipolysis releases fatty acids from triacylglycerols, while β-oxidation breaks down fatty acids for energy.

What is the primary origin of acetyl-CoA used in ketone body synthesis?

• Glucose metabolism via glycolysis

• Amino acid breakdown during protein catabolism

• Fatty acid breakdown via β-oxidation

• Fatty acids obtained from the diet

After a few days of fasting, how does acetoacetate affect lipolysis?

• promotes insulin secretion, which inhibits lipolysis.

• activates lipase, increasing lipolysis.

• stimulates fatty acid synthesis, increasing lipolysis.

• inhibits insulin secretion, which inhibits lipolysis.

What is the purpose of ketolysis?

• To convert ketone bodies into glucose for energy production.

• To convert ketone bodies into acetyl-CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle.

• To synthesize ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA during fasting.

• To convert fatty acids into ketone bodies for storage.