Unit 6 Urban (Services & Cities) Geography

Multiplier Effect

• A phenomenon where an investment creates additional jobs in the economy.

• A method of calculating interest rates on loans.

• A strategy for reducing government spending.

• A technique for increasing taxes on businesses.

Mixed-use neighborhoods

• Development or neighborhood that combines housing and businesses in one area.

• A type of neighborhood exclusively for residential purposes.

• An area designated solely for commercial activities.

• A neighborhood that only includes parks and recreational spaces.

Threshold

• The maximum number of people needed to support the service.

• The minimum number of people needed to support the service.

• The average number of people needed to support the service.

• The ideal number of people needed to support the service.

Urbanization

• An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

• A decrease in the number of people living in rural areas.

• The process of moving from urban areas to rural areas.

• A shift in population from one urban area to another.

Blockbusting

• A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood.

• A strategy used by banks to increase mortgage rates in urban areas.

• A method for promoting diversity in housing developments.

• A legal term for the forced sale of property due to unpaid taxes.

Gentrification

• Restoration of deteriorated urban property, leading to increased property values and higher rents that may drive out the poor from the area.

• A process of urban decay where property values decrease and the population declines.

• A government initiative to provide affordable housing in urban areas.

• A cultural movement aimed at preserving historical neighborhoods.

Range

• The minimum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

• The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

• The average distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

• The distance people are willing to travel for free services.

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

• A central city and the urbanized counties adjacent to it. Similar to metro area.

• A rural area with no significant urban development.

• A region defined by its agricultural output and farming communities.

• A collection of cities that are economically independent from each other.

Borchert's Epochs of Transportation

• Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) - associated with low technology

• Electric Vehicle Epoch (1900-1950) - rise of electric cars

• Digital Transport Epoch (2000-present) - focus on digital navigation

• Space Travel Epoch (2020-present) - exploration of outer space

Market Area

• A geographical zone where a specific product is sold.

• Functional or nodal region surrounding a service from which customers are attracted.

• An area defined by political boundaries.

• A region where only online services are available.