Unit 18-Workers Ex 2

In 2007 the average annual pay of a scientist in the UK was £37,290. The average annual pay of a laboratory technician was £26,157. What could explain this difference in earnings?

• The period of training for scientists is longer than that for laboratory technicians.

• Laboratory technicians have to work more unsociable hours than scientists.

• The supply of scientists is high relative to demand for their services.

• Laboratory technicians have stronger bargaining power than scientists.

The table shows units of output, value of output, and number of people employed in an industry over three years. What could be concluded from the table?

• Inflation has increased.

• Profit has increased.

• Working population has increased.

• Productivity has increased

A female accountant in a private firm earns $80 per hour; a male Professor of Finance in a government university earns $40 per hour. Each works the same number of hours. What could explain the difference in earnings?

• Qualifications of accountants are lower than those of Professors of Finance

• It is difficult to measure the output per hour in each profession.

• Women are generally given preference over men in professional jobs

• Pay in the private sector is profit-related but is not in the public sector.

Why are farm workers likely to be paid a lower wage rate than workers in manufacturing?

• Farm workers are more likely to have a shorter working life.

• Farm workers are more likely to be in a trade union.

• Farm workers are more likely to have poorer working conditions.

• Farm workers are more likely to produce goods with a lower value

The table shows the working population and value of production in four areas of a country. The government wants to encourage industrial development in the area with the lowest productivity.

Which area will it select?

• Area A

• Area B

• Area C

• Area D

Which group is likely to save the largest proportion of its income?

• Unemployed workers

• Retired people

• Employed workers

• School students

Which worker is most likely to risk facing a falling income towards the end of their career?

• A manager in an engineering firm

• A manual worker in a building firm

• A supervisor in a retail firm

• An office worker in an advertising firm

An athlete needs an income and also needs time for training and competitions. Which occupation is most appropriate for the athlete?

• Self-employed photographer

• Assembly-line worker who is paid a wage

• Livestock farmer working for profit

• Department store manager who is paid a salary

What is likely to cause a person’s wages to rise?

• Falling production

• Falling demand for his output

• Additional responsibility

• Rising unemployment

What is not included in a person’s stock of wealth?

• An oil painting

• A gold watch

• Company shares

• Annual income