Understanding Effective Nuclear Charge and Its Implications in Atomic Structure

The video tutorial explains the concept of effective nuclear charge, which is the net positive force experienced by an electron inside an atom. It discusses the forces acting on electrons, such as nuclear force and shielding effect, and how these contribute to the effective nuclear charge. The tutorial provides a formula for calculating effective nuclear charge and demonstrates its application with examples using sodium and chlorine atoms. It also covers periodic trends, explaining why effective nuclear charge increases across periods and decreases down groups. Finally, it differentiates between nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge.

What is the net force experienced by an electron when one force of 10 Newtons and another of 7 Newtons act in opposite directions?

• 17 Newtons

• 3 Newtons

• 7 Newtons

• 10 Newtons

What is the term for the repulsive force experienced by electrons due to other electrons?

• Shielding effect

• Gravitational force

• Magnetic force

• Nuclear force

Which of the following best describes the shielding effect?

• The attraction between electrons and neutrons

• The attraction between protons and electrons

• The repulsion between electrons in different shells

• The repulsion between electrons in the same shell

How is effective nuclear charge calculated?

• Z - S

• Z / S

• Z * S

• Z + S

What is the effective nuclear charge for an electron in the N=3 shell of a sodium atom?

• 11

• 10

• 1

• 3

In a chlorine atom, how many inner electrons are there below the N=2 shell?

• 7

• 2

• 10

• 8

What is the effective nuclear charge for an electron in the N=2 shell of a chlorine atom?

• 2

• 15

• 17

• 8

Why does effective nuclear charge increase across a period?

• Because the shielding effect decreases

• Because the number of shells remains constant and atomic number increases

• Because the atomic number decreases

• Because the number of shells increases

What happens to effective nuclear charge as you move down a group?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It remains constant

• It fluctuates

What is the main difference between nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge?

• Nuclear charge is always greater than effective nuclear charge

• Both are the same

• Nuclear charge is the charge experienced by outer electrons, while effective nuclear charge is the total positive charge of protons

• Nuclear charge is the total positive charge of protons, while effective nuclear charge is the charge experienced by outer electrons