Understanding Gravity and Energy Concepts

A comet orbits the Sun in a highly elliptical path. As the comet approaches the perihelion (the closest point to the Sun), what can be said about its speed?

• Its speed increases.

• Its speed decreases.

• Its speed remains constant.

• Its speed becomes zero.

An object with 200 J of kinetic energy stops due to friction. How much energy is transferred to the environment as heat?

• 100 J

• 150 J

• 200 J

• 0 J

According to Newton's law of gravitation, which of the following options will result in a decrease in the gravitational force between two objects?

• Decrease the distance between them.

• Increase the mass of one object.

• Move the objects away from each other.

• Double the mass of both objects.

• 90 J

• 45 J

• 150 J

• 45 J

A 2 kg block slides down a frictionless ramp and gains 100 J of kinetic energy. How much gravitational potential energy did the block lose?

• 50 J

• 100 J

• 200 J

• 0 J

What is the main reason for the change in speed of a planet as it orbits the Sun, according to Kepler's Second Law?

• The distance between the planet and the Sun changes.

• The gravitational attraction of the Sun is constant.

• The mass of the planet changes.

• The Sun moves in a circular path.

A charged balloon is placed near a wall. It remains attracted to the wall without moving. What type of energy is this an example of?

• Kinetic energy

• Elastic potential energy

• Electric potential energy

• Thermal energy

How is gravitational force calculated when it is far from the Earth's surface?

• Using the formula ma

• Using the formula mg

• Using Newton's law of gravitation

• Using the formula mv

A moon orbits a planet. If the mass of the planet were to increase significantly while the distance between them remained unchanged, what would happen to the gravitational force acting on the moon?

• It would decrease.

• It would remain constant.

• It would become zero.

• It would increase.