DNA and Protein Synthesis Review

What is the primary role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To serve as a template for protein synthesis

• To form the structure of ribosomes

• To replicate DNA

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

• Single-stranded helix

• Double-stranded helix

• Triple-stranded helix

• Quadruple-stranded helix

How does mRNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?

• mRNA is double-stranded, while DNA is single-stranded

• mRNA contains uracil instead of thymine

• mRNA has deoxyribose sugar, while DNA has ribose sugar

• mRNA is longer than DNA

Explain how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directly codes for amino acids

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated directly into amino acids

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is not related to amino acids

Which of the following is a function of mRNA during translation?

• To bring amino acids to the ribosome

• To provide the code for the sequence of amino acids

• To form peptide bonds between amino acids

• To unwind the DNA double helix

Describe the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes synthesize DNA

• Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins

• Ribosomes transcribe DNA into mRNA

• Ribosomes replicate mRNA

What is the significance of the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule?

• It determines the sequence of sugars in a carbohydrate

• It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein

• It determines the sequence of lipids in a fat

• It determines the sequence of nucleotides in RNA

How does the structure of DNA facilitate its replication?

• The double helix structure allows each strand to serve as a template for a new strand

• The single-stranded structure allows for easy replication

• The triple helix structure allows for multiple replications simultaneously

• The quadruple helix structure ensures stability during replication

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

• To bring amino acids to the ribosome

• To form the structure of the ribosome

• To synthesize mRNA

Explain how mutations in DNA can affect protein function.

• Mutations always enhance protein function

• Mutations can change the amino acid sequence, potentially altering protein function

• Mutations have no effect on protein function

• Mutations only affect the structure of DNA, not proteins