MI 4.2-4.4 Key Terms

HLA-Human Leukocyte Antigens

• Antigens on white blood cells that help the immune system identify foreign cells.

• Proteins that are only found in red blood cells.

• Hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.

• Cells that produce antibodies in the immune system.

OPTN-Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network

• A network responsible for formulating organ allocation policies administered by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) as a result of NOTA.

• A system for tracking organ donors and recipients across the country.

• An organization that provides financial support for organ transplant surgeries.

• A regulatory body that oversees the ethical practices in organ donation.

Histocompatibility

• A state of mutual tolerance between tissues that allows them to be grafted effectively.

• A condition where tissues reject each other during transplantation.

• A process of enhancing tissue compatibility through chemical treatment.

• A method of measuring the genetic similarity between individuals.

Laparoscopic Surgery

• A type of open surgery requiring large incisions

• A minimally invasive surgery involving a camera and instruments inserted into the abdomen with three small incisions (using a robot or without)

• A procedure that only uses local anesthesia

• A surgery performed exclusively on the heart

Crossmatch

• A test to determine blood type compatibility

• An antibody test that mixes a sample of the donor’s white blood cells and the serum of the recipient

• A procedure to assess organ size and function

• A method for measuring blood pressure in transplant patients

Haplotype

• A group of alleles inherited from the same parent for a trait.

• A type of genetic mutation that occurs in a single nucleotide.

• A combination of different genes that determine a phenotype.

• A method of gene editing used to modify DNA sequences.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Tissue Typing

• Tests that determine blood type compatibility

• Tests which determine the degree of compatibility of tissues or organs based on HLA antigens

• Tests that measure organ size and function

• Tests used to diagnose infectious diseases

Suture

• The process of closing a wound using a medical-grade string and needle.

• A type of surgical instrument used for cutting tissue.

• A method of cleaning a wound with antiseptic solutions.

• A technique for stitching fabric in sewing.

Kidney Transplant

• A surgical procedure to remove a kidney from a donor and place it in a recipient.

• A kidney transfer from a deceased or live donor to a recipient.

• A method of dialysis that uses a machine to filter blood.

• A treatment for kidney stones that involves breaking them up with sound waves.

Antigens

• A type of white blood cell that fights infections.

• A protein that elicits an immune response by lymphocytes if it is foreign.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A lipid that stores energy in the body.