Lesson 15, Sections 1–2 Reading Check

Why did Enlightenment thinkers study ancient Greek and Roman political systems?

• They believed these systems had successfully balanced power and individual rights.

• They wanted to restore the absolute power of monarchs.

• They sought to justify divine rule by referencing historical governments.

• They thought these societies provided examples of strong religious leadership.

How did John Locke’s view of the social contract compare to Thomas Hobbes’s?

• Locke believed rulers should have absolute authority, while Hobbes supported strong central leadership to maintain order.

• Both believed in limited government, but Locke emphasized individual rights and the ability to overthrow rulers.

• Hobbes argued that people must always obey their rulers, while Locke believed rulers should protect citizens’ rights and could be replaced if they failed.

• Locke thought government should be based on religious law, while Hobbes believed moral laws should come from the state.

What was the Enlightenment idea of natural law?

• A belief that only monarchs could create fair laws.

• The idea that societies should be governed strictly by religious doctrines.

• A system of moral principles that could apply to any culture or government.

• A set of rules that required citizens to obey all laws without question.

How did Rousseau’s idea of popular sovereignty challenge traditional government structures?

• It argued that rulers should have unlimited power over their subjects.

• It supported the idea that the legitimacy of government comes from the people.

• It reinforced the belief that monarchs receive their power from God.

• It suggested that government should be controlled by the wealthiest citizens.

Why did many English nobles oppose James II’s rule?

• He refused to recognize Parliament’s authority.

• He attempted to spread Protestantism across England.

• He sought to restore Catholic influence in England.

• He wanted to establish a constitutional monarchy.

What was the main reason Parliament invited William of Orange to take the throne?

• He had a rightful claim as James II’s son.

• He promised to restore absolute monarchy.

• He was Protestant and would rule in cooperation with Parliament.

• He had already been ruling England unofficially.

Why is the Glorious Revolution called a “Bloodless Revolution”?

• The English army defeated James II’s forces quickly.

• It was a peaceful transfer of power with little violence.

• William of Orange ruled without opposition from the people.

• It was a religious movement, not a military conflict.

How did the English Bill of Rights impact the monarchy?

• It affirmed the divine right of kings.

• It restricted the king’s power and strengthened Parliament.

• It removed the monarchy and created a democracy.

• It allowed the king to rule without Parliament’s approval.

What precedent did the English Bill of Rights set for future governments?

• Monarchs must share power with elected representatives.

• The king must follow religious leaders’ decisions.

• Citizens should not have individual rights.

• The king has full control over military and taxation.

The Enlightenment was a(n)​ (a)   movement that challenged absolute monarchy and emphasized reason.

• intellectual
• military
• religious
• artistic