BIO2581 Section 30

Given the following diagram, which is the following is definitively true?

• A. Transposons 2 and 3 are in direct orientation
• B. Transposons 1 and 3 are in inverse orientation
• C. Transposons 1, 3 and 4 are in direct orientation
• D. Transposons 3 and 4 are in direct orientation
• E. Transposons 3 and 4 are in inverse orientation

Using advanced genetic technology, you have created the following genotypes. NRE- refers to a deletion of the nanos regulatory element (NRE) in the hb gene. 1) nanos⁺/nanos⁺ hb⁺ NRE⁺ / hb⁺ NRE⁺ 2) nanosᴸᶠ/nanosᴸᶠ hb⁺ NRE⁺ / hb⁺ NRE⁺ 3) nanos⁺/nanos⁺ hb⁺ NRE⁻ / hb⁺ NRE⁻ Which genotypes result in the lack of the abdomen due to the expression of Hunchback protein in the posterior end of the embryo?

• 2 and 3
• 2 and 1
• 1 and 3
• 1
• 3

Why is it important to generate many sequence reads when sequencing DNA?

• A) It allows researchers to completely avoid sequencing errors.
• B) It ensures high coverage, reduces errors, and improves genome assembly.
• C) It prevents repetitive sequences from occurring in the genome.
• D) It eliminates the need for bioinformatics analysis.
• E) Sequence reads act as a primer in scRNA sequencing

You have a diploid organism that is pink in color, you have also identified that same organism in white. Upon genome sequencing you notice that the difference lies in the Col gene. The pink organism is Col+/Col+ (both alleles are wildtype) and the white organism is Col+/Col? (one allele is a mutant). You suspect that the white phenotype is inherited dominantly. To test this hypothesis what should you do?

• Create an organism that is homozygous for the Col? Allele and compare the phenotype to your mutant.
• Artificially introduce another Col? Allele and compare the phenotype to the wild type.
• Artificially introduce another Col+ Allele and compare the phenotype to the wild type.
• Replace the Col? mutant allele with the wild-type and compare the phenotype to the wild type.
• No test is required, because only one mutant allele changed the phenotype it must be inherited dominantly.

Transposable elements (TEs) can mobilize within the genome, leading to significant genetic consequences. Which of the following is a possible effect of transposon mobilization on genome variation?

• Increased genome stability by repairing DNA damage.
• Introduction of new regulatory elements that alter gene expression.
• Elimination of genetic mutations, reducing genetic diversity.
• Direct conversion of RNA into DNA without the use of reverse transcriptase.
• Prevention of recombination events between homologous chromosomes.

You look into a cell and see that there is no membrane-bound organelles. You also find transcripts floating around that lack introns. What is a possible explanation for this?

• The cell is a prokaryote and has transcripts just like a eukaryote.
• The cell is a eukaryote and has transcripts just like a prokaryote.
• The cell is a prokaryote and has copies of cDNA that were artificially inserted.
• The cell is a eukaryote and has copies of cDNA that were artificially inserted.
• The cell is a eukaryote and has transcripts just like a eukaryote