4.1-4.4 Review Westgard

Simón Bolívar is best known for

• leading the fight for independence from Spain in South America.

• setting up dictatorships in South America following the collapse of Spanish rule.

• redistributing land and oil wealth among people in South America.

• launching paramilitary attacks against post-independence governments in South America.

Which was the main way Andean peoples modified their environment to grow more food?

• They built canals for irrigation.

• They planted trees to prevent soil erosion.

• They used natural fertilizers to enrich the soil.

• They created terraces on the mountainsides.

Unstable post-independence governments in South America were further weakened by

• economic inequality.

• piracy.

• scarcity of resources.

• ethnic diversity.

Which of these explorers claimed part of South America for Portugal?

• Christopher Columbus

• Pedro Álvares Cabral

• Francisco Pizarro

• Atahualpa

What change made it possible for some early South Americans to settle in one place?

• The ability to make tools from bronze or iron

• The ability to hunt large animals

• The ability to domesticate plants and raise them as food crops

• The ability to build permanent shelters

Which of these changes occurred in Brazil in the late 1880s?

• The discovery of gold

• The end of slavery

• Becoming a republic

• Becoming a democracy

How did Brazil gain its independence?

• It was conquered by France and then liberated.

• It was freed after a slave uprising overthrew the plantation owners.

• It was taken away from Spain by the Treaty of Tordesillas.

• It was declared an independent empire by Portugal’s royal family.

What role did the government play in the economy of Venezuela during the 1990s and 2000s?

• The government's role was reduced, moving to a market economy

• The government's role was expanded, taking a greater role in the economy

• The government's role was debated by different political parties

• The government's role remained unchanged

Which civilization is known as the oldest-known civilization in the Americas?

• Chavin

• Moche

• Tiahuanaco

• Norte Chico

Why did some groups in South America continue to live as nomads after the development of agriculture?

• Because they preferred hunting and gathering.

• Because the soil was not fertile enough for farming.

• Because they were forced out by other groups.

• Because they did not know how to farm.