Chapter 11 - Earthquakes

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

• shearing.

• tension.

• compression.

• deformation.

Which of the following can cause damage days or months after a large earthquake?

• the arrival of surface waves

• convection

• a tsunami

• an aftershock

In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the

• hanging wall.

• reverse fault.

• footwall.

• anticline.

In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little

• noise.

• shaking.

• up-or-down motion.

• movement.

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

• shearing

• tension

• compression

• deformation

A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is called a(n)

• anticline.

• syncline.

• plateau.

• canyon.

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a

• syncline.

• plateau.

• canyon.

• fault.

The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the

• syncline.

• footwall.

• epicenter.

• focus.

The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called

• S waves.

• P waves.

• Surface waves.

• Mercalli waves.

The rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake is called the

• Richter scale.

• moment magnitude scale.

• mechanical seismograph scale.

• Mercalli scale.