Newsela: Explaining Energy Transfer and Transformation Quiz

How does thermal energy transfer occur?

• Conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Reflection, refraction, and absorption.

• Diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.

• Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

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What does the term 'heat' refer to?

• The color of an object.

• The sound an object makes.

• Thermal energy being transferred from a hotter system to a cooler one.

• The weight of an object.

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What is conduction?

• Transfer of thermal energy through space

• Transfer of thermal energy between molecules in contact

• Transfer of energy through waves

• Transfer of energy through chemical reactions

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How does convection occur?

• In solids only

• In liquids and gases

• In metals only

• In a vacuum

What happens to a ball sitting on a hill when it is pushed?

• It gains potential energy

• It transforms potential energy into kinetic energy

• It loses kinetic energy

• It remains stationary

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How is kinetic energy transferred when a person is riding a bicycle?

• The person moves their legs, which transfers energy to the pedals and finally the wheels.

• The wheels of the bicycle transfer kinetic energy to the person pedaling.

• The person moves their legs and the heat generated creates kinetic energy in the wheels of the bicycle.

• Kinetic energy is transferred when the person first starts riding the bike.

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Which detail in the section "Radiation Transfers Heat Through Space" BEST supports the conclusion that the amount of potential energy in a ball at the top of a hill is the same as the amount of kinetic energy in the same ball at its fastest point?

• In an energy transformation, energy changes form. A ball sitting on a hill has gravitational potential energy, which is the ability for an object to do work due to its position in a gravitational field.

• The higher on the hill this ball is, the more gravitational potential energy it has.

• When a force pushes it down the hill, that potential energy transforms into kinetic energy. The ball loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy.

• On Earth, however, the ball's kinetic energy is transformed into heat by the opposing force of friction.

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A student is creating a new cake recipe. The student read that glass pans require different bake times than metal pans.

Why do different pans require different bake times?

• Different materials radiate heat in different ways.

• Different materials allow heat to travel through them more easily such as metal.

• Cake reacts to a metal pan differently than it does a glass pan when it comes in contact with the material.

• Cake bakes faster in a metal pan because it is a stronger material that can handle the heat and will not break.

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How does wind occur? How do you know?

• Different temperatures on land and water create a convection current in the air. "This temperature difference creates a convection current, which appears as wind."

• Heat energy is absorbed differently by land and water. "However, water heats up more slowly than land."

• Air has kinetic energy, which is energy of movement. "This wind possesses kinetic energy, which it transfers to sand by carrying it short distances."

• Radiation from the sun causes molecules in the air to heat up and move. "Thermal energy radiates from the sun, heating the land and ocean."

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Read the selection below.

This wind possesses kinetic energy, which it transfers to sand by carrying it short distances. If the

moving sand hits something, it stops due to the friction created. Its kinetic energy is then

transformed into thermal energy, or heat. Once enough sand builds up, these impacts can create

sand dunes.

These newly formed sand dunes provide a special environment. Plants grow there, using light

energy to transform water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy, which is stored in sugar.

When an animal eats the plant, it uses the stored energy to heat its body and move around. This

transforms the chemical energy into kinetic and thermal energy.

WHY did the author include this event?

• to describe how sand dunes are created by isolated energy transfers

• to introduce how energy is conserved in nature

• to elaborate on how energy is transferred and transformed in a variety of real-life settings

• to show how different types of energy can be seen throughout nature in various landscapes.

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