INTRO TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

What is the main focus of quantitative research?

• Understanding experiences and meanings

• Collecting numerical data and analyzing patterns

• Observing natural behaviors without measurement

• Conducting unstructured interviews

What is the correct definition of a population in research?

• The total number of responses in a survey

• A subset of selected participants for a study

• The entire group of individuals or objects being studied

• A large group of random numbers

What is the main difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

• Descriptive statistics predict future outcomes

• Inferential statistics describe data visually

• Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics generalize findings

• Inferential statistics only use numerical calculations

Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?

• Stratified random sampling

• Simple random sampling
  

• Systematic sampling

• Snowball sampling

The number of kilometers a person walks per day is an example of which type of variable?

• Interval

• Ratio

• Ordinal

• Nominal

Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two groups?

• Chi-square test

• t-test

• Pearson correlation

• ANOVA

What does a correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicate?

• No correlation

• A strong negative correlation

• A weak positive correlation

• A strong positive correlation

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in research?

• To ensure the research findings are 100% accurate

• To describe the collected data without analysis

• To test whether there is enough evidence to support or reject a hypothesis

• To prove that a hypothesis is true

In which situation should a researcher use a one-way ANOVA instead of a t-test?

• Comparing the blood pressure of a group before and after exercise

• Measuring the relationship between study time and test scores

• Comparing exam scores of students from three different schools

• Comparing two teaching methods in one school

If a researcher selects participants by standing outside a mall and asking random people to answer a survey, which sampling method is being used?

• Convenience sampling

• Systematic sampling

• Cluster sampling

• Stratified random sampling