9699/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLI

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method?

• Unstructured interview

• Observation

• Survey

• Case study

Questionnaires are commonly used for:

• Collecting qualitative data

• Gathering fixed responses for statistical analysis

• Analyzing media content

• Studying group dynamics

Which of the following methods involves using a set of standardized questions?

• Structured interviews

• Focus groups

• Case studies

• Ethnographic studies

Experiments in research are best described as:

• Open-ended questions asked to participants

• Observing behavior without interfering

• Controlled environments used to test cause-and-effect relationships

• Collecting media data for analysis

Content analysis is used to:

• Observe participants without interacting

• Systematically study media content or texts for patterns

• Collect numerical data through questionnaires

• Conduct interviews with participants

Non-participant structured observations involve: a) Becoming part of the group being studied b) Observing without interfering with the behavior being studied c) Asking open-ended questions d) Collecting statistical data from large groups

• Becoming part of the group being studied

• Observing without interfering with the behavior being studied

• Asking open-ended questions

• Collecting statistical data from large groups

Official statistics refer to: a) Data collected by government bodies or organizations b) Data collected from experimental studies c) Data gathered through participant observation d) Data based on in-depth qualitative interviews

• Data collected by government bodies or organizations

• Data collected from experimental studies

• Data gathered through participant observation

• Data based on in-depth qualitative interviews

A survey typically involves:

• Detailed case studies of individuals

• Structured data collection through questionnaires or interviews

• Open-ended observations of participants

• Secondary data analysis

A researcher may use non-representative sampling when:

• They want to generalize findings to the entire population

• They need a diverse and randomly selected sample

Purposive sampling is often used in research when:

• A representative sample is required

• Specific individuals with particular characteristics are needed

• The researcher needs to use random sampling

• The goal is to make broad generalizations