The Origins and Development of the Kazak Intelligentsia, 1800–19

What was the main goal of the nineteenth-century Kazak intelligentsia?

• To bring Western and Russian cultural, technological, and educational advances to the Kazak people.

• To suppress Kazak traditions and customs.
• To promote Western education exclusively.
• To establish a monarchy in Kazakhstan.

What was the conflict within the Kazak intelligentsia during the nineteenth century?

• A conflict between Kazak and Russian languages.
• A debate over the role of women in Kazak society.
• A struggle between nationalist traditionalists and Westernizers.

• A struggle for land ownership among Kazak tribes.

What was a significant challenge in defining the Kazak intelligentsia as a distinct social group?

• The lack of a clear social identity and the absence of self-designation as "intelligentsia.

• A significant economic advantage over other groups.
• A well-defined political agenda.
• A strong cultural heritage that unites them.

What role did Russian colonization play in the emergence of the Kazak intelligentsia?

• The Kazak intelligentsia emerged independently of Russian influence.
• Russian colonization suppressed all forms of education in Kazakhstan.
• Russian colonization had no impact on Kazak culture.
• It intensified social and economic relations, prompting the need for an educated indigenous population to serve state interests.

How did Soviet scholars view religious-themed works of Kazak intellectuals?

• They were viewed as essential to Soviet ideology.
• They often ignored them, as these works did not fit the Soviet interpretation of the intelligentsia.

• They were celebrated as revolutionary contributions.
• Soviet scholars ignored them completely.

What was the two-stage process of Kazak intelligentsia efforts described in the text?

• Cultural isolation followed by economic development.
• Political engagement followed by social disintegration.
• Political mobilization followed by cultural suppression.
• First, introducing Kazak customs, history, and language to Russians; second, working as teachers, scientists, and later journalists and politicians to influence colonial relations.

Why was it challenging for Russians to communicate with Kazaks initially?

• They mistakenly assumed that the Kazaks understood the Tartar language, similar to writing to Spaniards in Italian.

• Russians had advanced technology that hindered communication.
• Kazaks were unwilling to communicate with Russians.
• Russians and Kazaks shared the same language.

What was Russia’s motivation for promoting education among the indigenous population in the 19th century?

• To promote Western culture among the indigenous people.
• To reduce the population of indigenous groups.
• To exploit indigenous resources more efficiently.
• To serve the needs and interests of the state.

How did the meaning of "intelligentsia" change in the Soviet period?

• 'Intelligentsia' referred exclusively to the working class during the Soviet era.
• The term 'intelligentsia' was celebrated as a symbol of Soviet progress.
• The meaning of 'intelligentsia' remained unchanged throughout the Soviet period.
• It came to mean someone who works with their mind rather than their hands.

How did the role of the Kazak intelligentsia change by the twentieth century?

• They became mediators between the state and its subjects, advocating for cultural and economic development.

• The Kazak intelligentsia rejected any form of reform or national identity.
• The Kazak intelligentsia focused solely on economic issues without political engagement.
• The Kazak intelligentsia became less involved in cultural matters.