AK SCI Review - Physical Sci 2

What is Newton's Third Law of Motion?

• For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force.

• The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer explanation

Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that forces always occur in pairs, making the first answer choice the correct one.

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Which of the following best describes the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

• Force is the product of mass and acceleration.

• Force is the sum of mass and acceleration.

• Force is the difference between mass and acceleration.

• Force is the ratio of mass to acceleration.

Answer explanation

The correct choice states that force is the product of mass and acceleration, which aligns with Newton's second law of motion (F = ma). The other options incorrectly describe the relationship.

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Which factor does NOT affect the strength of electric forces between two objects?

• The distance between the objects.

• The charge of the objects.

• The color of the objects.

• The medium between the objects.

Answer explanation

The strength of electric forces depends on the distance, charge, and medium between objects. The color of the objects does not influence electric forces, making it the correct choice as it does not affect their strength.

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What is the primary factor that determines the strength of gravitational interactions between two objects?

• The distance between the objects.

• The masses of the objects.

• The volume of the objects.

• The temperature of the objects.

Answer explanation

The strength of gravitational interactions is primarily determined by the masses of the objects involved. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, greater mass results in stronger gravitational attraction.

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Which of the following is evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though they are not in contact?

• A magnet attracting a paperclip through a piece of paper.

• A ball rolling down a hill.

• A car accelerating on a flat road.

• A book resting on a table.

Answer explanation

A magnet attracting a paperclip through a piece of paper demonstrates the existence of a magnetic field, which exerts a force without direct contact. This is clear evidence of fields acting between objects.

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Design a simple experiment to demonstrate Newton's Third Law using two colliding objects.

• Drop two balls of different masses from the same height and observe their motion.

• Push two identical carts towards each other and observe their motion upon collision.

• Roll a ball down a ramp and measure its speed at the bottom.

• Place a book on a table and measure the force it exerts on the table.

Answer explanation

Pushing two identical carts towards each other clearly demonstrates Newton's Third Law, as they exert equal and opposite forces upon collision, illustrating the principle of action and reaction.

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Plan an investigation to determine how the mass of an object affects its acceleration when a constant force is applied.

• Use a spring scale to measure the force on different masses and record their accelerations.

• Drop different masses from a height and measure the time taken to reach the ground.

• Roll different masses down a ramp and measure their final velocities.

• Use a stopwatch to time how long it takes for different masses to stop when pushed.

Answer explanation

Using a spring scale to measure force on different masses allows for direct observation of how mass affects acceleration, aligning with Newton's second law (F=ma). This method provides accurate data for analysis.

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Which of the following scenarios would best help you determine the factors affecting the strength of magnetic forces?

• Observing the interaction between two bar magnets at varying distances.

• Measuring the weight of a magnet.

• Heating a magnet and observing changes in its properties.

• Painting a magnet and observing any changes in its behavior.

Answer explanation

Observing the interaction between two bar magnets at varying distances allows you to see how distance affects magnetic force, which is a key factor in understanding magnetic strength.

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Construct an argument using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive.

• Objects fall towards the Earth due to gravitational attraction.

• Objects float in water due to buoyancy.

• Objects repel each other when charged similarly.

• Objects change color when heated.

Answer explanation

The correct choice, 'Objects fall towards the Earth due to gravitational attraction,' supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive, as it illustrates how gravity pulls objects towards each other.

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Which investigation would provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other?

• Using a compass to detect the magnetic field around a magnet.

• Measuring the temperature change of a heated object.

• Observing the color change of litmus paper in an acid.

• Measuring the speed of a car on a highway.

Answer explanation

Using a compass to detect the magnetic field around a magnet demonstrates that fields exist between objects exerting forces, as the compass aligns with the magnetic field lines, providing direct evidence of the field.

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