AK SCI Review - Physical Sci 4

What is the term used to describe the height of a wave from its rest position to its crest?

• Wavelength

• Frequency

• Amplitude

• Velocity

Answer explanation

The term 'Amplitude' refers to the height of a wave from its rest position to its crest. It measures the maximum displacement of points on a wave, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

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AK.SCI.6-8.MS-PS4-1

Which of the following materials is most likely to absorb sound waves?

• Metal

• Glass

• Foam

• Water

Answer explanation

Foam is a porous material that traps sound waves, making it effective at absorbing sound. In contrast, metal, glass, and water reflect sound waves rather than absorb them.

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If a wave has a high amplitude, what can be inferred about its energy?

• The wave has low energy.

• The wave has high energy.

• The wave's energy is unaffected by amplitude.

• The wave's energy is minimal.

Answer explanation

A wave's amplitude is directly related to its energy; higher amplitude means greater energy. Therefore, if a wave has a high amplitude, it can be inferred that the wave has high energy.

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Which process occurs when a wave passes through a material without being absorbed?

• Reflection

• Absorption

• Transmission

• Refraction

Answer explanation

Transmission occurs when a wave passes through a material without being absorbed. Unlike reflection or absorption, transmission allows the wave to continue moving through the medium.

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A student is designing a device to release thermal energy. Which chemical process could be used in this design?

• Endothermic reaction

• Exothermic reaction

• Neutralization reaction

• Precipitation reaction

Answer explanation

An exothermic reaction releases thermal energy, making it suitable for the student's device. In contrast, endothermic reactions absorb energy, while neutralization and precipitation reactions do not primarily focus on thermal energy release.

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How does increasing the frequency of a wave affect its wavelength, assuming the speed of the wave remains constant?

• The wavelength increases.

• The wavelength decreases.

• The wavelength remains the same.

• The wavelength doubles.

Answer explanation

Increasing the frequency of a wave, while keeping its speed constant, results in a decrease in wavelength. This is because wavelength and frequency are inversely related when wave speed is constant.

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A student uses a model to show how light waves are reflected off a mirror. What is the angle of incidence if the angle of reflection is 30 degrees?

• 15 degrees

• 30 degrees

• 45 degrees

• 60 degrees

Answer explanation

According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Since the angle of reflection is 30 degrees, the angle of incidence must also be 30 degrees.

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Design a simple experiment to test how different materials affect the transmission of sound waves. What is the primary variable you would change?

• The type of sound used

• The material through which the sound travels

• The distance the sound travels

• The volume of the sound

Answer explanation

The primary variable to change in this experiment is the material through which the sound travels. Different materials will affect how sound waves are transmitted, making it the key factor to test.

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A student is tasked with modifying a device to better absorb thermal energy. Which of the following changes would most likely improve the device's performance?

• Use a material with a lower specific heat capacity

• Use a material with a higher specific heat capacity

• Increase the surface area of the device

• Decrease the surface area of the device

Answer explanation

Using a material with a higher specific heat capacity allows the device to absorb more thermal energy without a significant increase in temperature, enhancing its performance in thermal energy absorption.

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AK.SCI.6-8.MS-PS1-6

Explain how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy it carries. Provide a real-world example to support your explanation.

• The amplitude is unrelated to the energy; for example, a quiet sound can have a high amplitude.

• The amplitude is directly related to the energy; for example, a loud sound has a high amplitude.

• The amplitude is inversely related to the energy; for example, a bright light has a low amplitude.

• The amplitude is only related to the frequency, not the energy.

Answer explanation

The amplitude of a wave is directly related to the energy it carries; higher amplitude means more energy. For example, a loud sound has a high amplitude, indicating it carries more energy than a quiet sound.

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