Quiz about Earth Layers & the Rock Cycle

Question 1

If the model below represents a volcano and its relationship to the layers of the Earth, from which of the Earth's layers does the magma come?

Accepted Answer

mantle

Answer

inner core

Answer

crust

Answer

outer core

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the mantle?

Accepted Answer

D. The mantle has properties of both liquids and solids.

Answer

A. The mantle has properties of gases and liquids only.

Answer

B. The mantle has properties of liquids only.

Answer

C. The mantle has properties of solids only.

Question 3

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter W?

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

mantle

Answer

outer core

Answer

inner core

Question 4

What can metamorphic rocks be made from?

Accepted Answer

sedimentary rocks

Accepted Answer

igneous rocks

Accepted Answer

other metamorphic rocks

Question 5

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter X?

Accepted Answer

mantle

Answer

outer core

Answer

crust

Answer

inner core

Question 6

The Earth's core is made of two parts - the inner and outer core. The inner core is made mostly of

Accepted Answer

solid metal.

Answer

liquid metal.

Answer

nonmetallic gas.

Answer

nonmetallic liquid.

Question 7

The diagram below shows the basic materials and processes involved in the rock cycle. Which process is involved in breaking down solid rock and turning it into sediment?

Accepted Answer

D. weathering

Answer

A. cementation

Answer

B. melting

Answer

C. compaction

Question 8

Which of Earth's layers is the thinnest?

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

mantle

Answer

inner core

Answer

outer core

Question 9

Which of the following lists Earth's compositional layers starting with Earth's center and ending with the outermost layer?

Accepted Answer

core, mantle, crust

Answer

crust, mantle, core

Answer

mantle, crust, core

Answer

crust, core, mantle

Question 10

Look at the model of the Earth above. Which layer of the Earth is labeled Y?

Accepted Answer

the outer core

Answer

the inner core

Answer

the crust

Answer

the mantle

Question 11

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z?

Accepted Answer

inner core

Answer

mantle

Answer

crust

Answer

outer core

Question 12

_______ rock is formed when debris is buried, compressed and cemented together.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Magma

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 13

The diagram below shows the basic materials and processes involved in the rock cycle. Which of the following processes moves rock materials across the surface of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

erosion

Answer

crystallization

Answer

compaction

Answer

melting

Question 14

Directions: What is the correct order of steps for a layer of sediment to become sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

1. The sediment is deposited by wind, flowing water, or other natural processes. 2. The sediment is gradually buried and compacted. 3. Dissolved minerals completely cement the sediment together.

Answer

1. The sediment is gradually buried and compacted. 2. The sediment is deposited by wind, flowing water, or other natural processes. 3. Dissolved minerals completely cement the sediment together.

Answer

1. Dissolved minerals completely cement the sediment together. 2. The sediment is deposited by wind, flowing water, or other natural processes. 3. The sediment is gradually buried and compacted.

Question 15

Which one of the Earth's layers is the thinnest?

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

inner core

Answer

mantle

Answer

outer core

Question 16

Which arrow on the picture below is pointed at the Earth's mantle?

Accepted Answer

D. X

Answer

A. W

Answer

B. Y

Answer

C. Z

Question 17

The hard and brittle outer layer of the Earth is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

lithosphere

Answer

core

Answer

atmosphere

Answer

mantle

Question 18

Which of the following lists Earth's compositional layers in order of increasing density?

Accepted Answer

B. crust, mantle, core

Answer

A. crust, core, mantle

Answer

C. core, mantle, crust

Answer

D. mantle, crust, core

Question 19

The two most abundant elements in Earth's core are

Accepted Answer

iron and nickel

Answer

nickel and silicon

Answer

silicon and oxygen

Answer

iron and magnesium

Question 20

When rocks return to the Earth's mantle, they can eventually melt and become magma. _______ and _______ are the main factors that control this change.

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Density

Answer

Composition

Question 21

Which of the following would be the best model of the Earth's layers?

Accepted Answer

a peach

Answer

a water balloon

Answer

a potato

Answer

a basketball

Question 22

What is the name for the process of recycling materials that make up the Earth's crust and mantle?

Accepted Answer

the rock cycle

Answer

the carbon cycle

Answer

the water cycle

Answer

the nitrogen cycle

Question 23

Which layer of the Earth is the coolest in temperature?

Accepted Answer

the crust

Answer

the inner core

Answer

the outer core

Answer

the mantle

Question 24

The main agents that cause metamorphic rocks to form are

Accepted Answer

heat and pressure.

Answer

melting and cooling.

Answer

weathering and erosion.

Answer

deposition and compaction.

Question 25

The Earth's mantle is

Accepted Answer

hotter than both the crust and the core.

Answer

cooler than both the crust and the core.

Answer

hotter than the crust but cooler than the core.

Answer

cooler than the crust but hotter than the core.

Question 26

Some rocks are pushed deeper into the Earth. As these rocks experience greater heat and pressure, what type of rock will they turn into if they do not melt?

Accepted Answer

metamorphic

Answer

sedimentary

Answer

molten

Answer

igneous

Question 27

What type of rock are mid-ocean ridges made of?

Accepted Answer

igneous rock

Answer

sedimentary rock

Answer

fossilized rock

Answer

metamorphic rock

Question 28

Look at the diagram of the rock cycle below. Which part of the cycle is missing?

Accepted Answer

melting

Answer

mineral integration

Answer

crystallization

Answer

sedimentation

Question 29

Most of the Earth's volume is contained in the _______ .

Accepted Answer

C. mantle

Answer

A. outer core

Answer

B. inner core

Answer

D. crust

Question 30

Which of the following is located at the center of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

core

Answer

mantle

Answer

atmosphere

Answer

crust

Question 31

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter W?

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

inner core

Answer

outer core

Answer

mantle

Question 32

Which type of rock contains minerals arranged in crystals and forms when molten rock cools and turns solid?

Accepted Answer

igneous rock

Answer

metamorphic rock

Answer

sedimentary rock

Answer

fossilized rock

Question 33

The diagram below shows the Earth's primary tectonic plates. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The Earth's lithosphere is made up of tectonic plates.

Answer

The Earth's mantle is made up of tectonic plates.

Answer

The Earth's lithosphere is entirely made up of liquid magma.

Answer

The Earth's mantle is made up of continents.

Question 34

Layers of sand and other sediments that become sedimentary rock:

Accepted Answer

can contain the remains of plants, animals, or both.

Answer

always contain the remains of both plants and animals.

Answer

can contain the remains of plants but not animals.

Answer

can contain the remains of animals but not plants.

Question 35

A volcano is a geological formation that can erupt and release lava, ash, and gases. What is a volcano?

Accepted Answer

A mountain that erupts

Answer

A river that flows

Answer

A forest that grows

Answer

A desert that expands

Question 36

The mantle is the thick middle layer located between the Earth's ______ and Earth's core.

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

ocean

Answer

atmosphere

Answer

surface

Question 37

The hottest layer of the Earth is:

Accepted Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Question 38

Metamorphic rocks can be formed from ______ rocks, ______ rocks, or other ______ rocks.

Accepted Answer

igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, or other metamorphic rocks.

Answer

igneous rocks

Answer

metamorphic rocks

Answer

metamentaty rocks

Question 39

The inner core of the Earth is very dense and made mostly of a solid metal - ______.

Accepted Answer

iron

Answer

gold

Answer

silver

Answer

copper

Question 40

Solid rock is broken down into sediment by the processes of ______.

Accepted Answer

weathering

Answer

erosion

Answer

deposition

Answer

compaction

Question 41

What is weathering?

Accepted Answer

The process of breaking down rocks and minerals through natural forces.

Answer

The movement of tectonic plates.

Answer

The formation of new rocks from magma.

Answer

The process of photosynthesis in plants.

Question 42

Erosion is the transporting of the broken rock material, or sediments, to a new location, where it is ____.

Accepted Answer

deposited

Answer

eroded

Answer

dissolved

Answer

evaporated

Question 43

What is compaction in the context of sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

The process of sediments being pressed together under their own weight

Answer

The chemical alteration of minerals within the rock

Answer

The transportation of sediments by wind or water

Answer

The melting of rocks into magma

Question 44

Cementation in sedimentary rock formation is:

Accepted Answer

the process of sediments being compacted and glued together

Answer

the melting of rocks to form magma

Answer

the erosion of rocks by wind and water

Answer

the cooling and solidification of magma

Question 45

Earth's layers, from outside to the center, are the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Which is at the very center of Earth?

Accepted Answer

inner core

Answer

crust

Answer

mantle

Answer

outer core

Question 46

The Earth's hottest and most dense layer is the ____.

Accepted Answer

inner core

Answer

mantle

Answer

crust

Answer

outer core

Question 47

Sedimentary rock is formed by layers of sediments settling on top of other layers of sediment.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 48

Erosion is the process by which blowing wind or running water carries away pieces of earth material.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 49

The Earth's lithosphere is the rocky, rigid, and brittle outer layer of the planet. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 50

What is the composition of the Earth's core?

Accepted Answer

The Earth's core is made mostly of iron, with lesser amounts of nickel.

Answer

The Earth's core is made mostly of silicon, with lesser amounts of oxygen.

Answer

The Earth's core is made mostly of magnesium, with lesser amounts of aluminum.

Answer

The Earth's core is made mostly of carbon, with lesser amounts of sulfur.

Question 51

What are the main factors responsible for rocks melting and becoming magma?

Accepted Answer

Heat and pressure

Answer

Cold and pressure

Answer

Heat and cold

Answer

Pressure and cold

Question 52

What is magma and how does it relate to lava?

Accepted Answer

Magma is melted rock trapped beneath the Earth's surface, pushed upward by convection currents, and when it reaches the Earth's surface, it is called lava.

Answer

Magma is a type of sedimentary rock found on the ocean floor, and when it solidifies, it becomes lava.

Answer

Magma is a type of volcanic ash that cools and hardens into lava when it contacts water.

Answer

Magma is a gaseous substance found in the Earth's atmosphere, and when it condenses, it forms lava.

Question 53

25. Which would represent the layers of the Earth best with its three layers of skin, flesh, and pit that could be designated the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

Peach

Answer

Water balloon

Answer

Basketball

Answer

Potato

Question 54

What is the rock cycle?

Accepted Answer

The rock cycle is the name given to the process that the materials of the Earth's crust and mantle go through as they are naturally recycled, changed, and reformed.

Answer

The rock cycle is a type of bicycle used for mountain climbing.

Answer

The rock cycle is a musical genre that combines rock and classical music.

Answer

The rock cycle is a method of training rocks to perform in circuses.

Question 55

What is the temperature of the earth at the inner core and the crust?

Accepted Answer

The temperature of the earth is the hottest at the inner core and is the coolest at the crust.

Answer

The temperature of the earth is the same at the inner core and the crust.

Answer

The temperature of the earth is the coolest at the inner core and the hottest at the crust.

Answer

The temperature of the earth is moderate at both the inner core and the crust.

Question 56

What is a metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

A metamorphic rock is rock that has changed in composition or form, usually due to heat and pressure. Metamorphic rocks can be formed from igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, or other metamorphic rocks.

Answer

A metamorphic rock is a type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Answer

A metamorphic rock is a rock that is formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles.

Answer

A metamorphic rock is a rock that is formed by the evaporation of water, leaving behind minerals.

Question 57

30. After sedimentary rock has formed, it can be further buried, pushed, or pulled into the Earth's interior. When the depth is great enough, heat and pressure cause the mineral structure of the rock to change, and the rock becomes a metamorphic rock. Greater amounts of heat can melt rock to form magma. Magma rises upward because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. When magma cools enough, it turns to solid, igneous rock. If this igneous rock is uplifted and exposed at the Earth's surface, it can be weathered and eroded to form new sediments, which can eventually become new sedimentary rocks. What type of rock is formed when magma cools?

Accepted Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Magma

Question 58

What is the thickest layer of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

Mantle

Answer

Crust

Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Inner Core

Earth Layers & the Rock Cycle

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