Module Three - Unit One - Molecular Genetics

Describe the process of DNA replication, including the role of enzymes involved.

• DNA replication is a process that involves the unwinding of the double helix, followed by the synthesis of a new complementary strand by DNA polymerase.

• DNA replication is a process that involves the conversion of DNA into RNA.

• DNA replication is a process that involves the translation of mRNA into proteins.

• DNA replication is a process that involves the transcription of DNA into mRNA.

Explain how a mutation in the DNA sequence can lead to a change in phenotype.

• A mutation in the DNA sequence can lead to a change in phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein, potentially affecting its function.

• A mutation in the DNA sequence always results in a beneficial change in phenotype.

• A mutation in the DNA sequence has no effect on phenotype.

• A mutation in the DNA sequence only affects the phenotype if it occurs in non-coding regions.

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What is the role of mRNA in the process of translation?

• mRNA serves as a template for the synthesis of DNA.

• mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

• mRNA is responsible for the replication of DNA.

• mRNA is involved in the transcription of DNA into RNA.

Identify the process of transcription and its significance in protein synthesis.

• Transcription is the process of converting mRNA into a protein.

• Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, which is crucial for protein synthesis.

• Transcription is the process of DNA replication.

• Transcription is the process of translating mRNA into tRNA.

Describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein.

• The flow of genetic information is from protein to RNA to DNA.

• The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein.

• The flow of genetic information is from RNA to DNA to protein.

• The flow of genetic information is from protein to DNA to RNA.

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How does the enzyme helicase contribute to DNA replication?

• Helicase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.

• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, creating two single strands for replication.

• Helicase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

• Helicase repairs mismatched nucleotides during replication.

Evaluate the potential impact of a point mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme.

• A point mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme will always result in a non-functional enzyme.

• A point mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme may alter the enzyme's active site, potentially reducing or enhancing its activity.

• A point mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme has no effect on the enzyme's function.

• A point mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme will always enhance the enzyme's activity.

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What is the role of tRNA during translation?

• tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon with codons on the mRNA.

• tRNA synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.

• tRNA is involved in the replication of DNA.

• tRNA unwinds the DNA double helix.

Discuss the significance of the promoter region in transcription.

• The promoter region is where DNA replication begins.

• The promoter region is a sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription.

• The promoter region is where translation begins.

• The promoter region is responsible for the termination of transcription.

Analyze how a frameshift mutation might affect protein synthesis.

• A frameshift mutation will have no effect on protein synthesis.

• A frameshift mutation can alter the reading frame of the mRNA, potentially leading to a completely different and non-functional protein.

• A frameshift mutation only affects the synthesis of tRNA.

• A frameshift mutation enhances the function of the resulting protein.

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