AP Chemistry Vocab Review Part 3

pH

• A measure of H₃O⁺ concentration, indicating acidity or basicity.

• A measure of temperature in a solution.

• A measure of the concentration of dissolved oxygen.

• A measure of the total dissolved solids in water.

Electrolytic Cell

• A spontaneous electrochemical cell that generates electricity.

• A non-spontaneous electrochemical cell that requires an external power source.

• A type of battery that operates without any external power.

• An electrochemical cell that can only function in acidic solutions.

Actual Yield

• The theoretical amount of product expected from a reaction.

• The amount of product actually obtained.

• The amount of reactants used in a reaction.

• The maximum possible yield of a reaction.

Percent Yield

• The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

• The total amount of product produced in a reaction.

• The maximum possible yield of a reaction under ideal conditions.

• The difference between actual yield and theoretical yield.

Electron Configuration

• The arrangement of electrons in an atom’s orbitals.

• The process of ionizing an atom.

• The total number of protons in an atom.

• The energy levels of an atom's nucleus.

Rate-Determining Step

• The fastest step in a reaction mechanism that controls the overall rate.

• The step that occurs at a constant rate throughout the reaction.

• The slowest step in a reaction mechanism that controls the overall rate.

• The step that has the highest energy transition state.

Products

• The substances formed in a chemical reaction.

• The reactants that undergo change during a reaction.

• The energy released during a chemical reaction.

• The catalysts that speed up the reaction.

Average Atomic Mass

• The total mass of an element's isotopes combined.

• The weighted average of the atomic masses of an element’s isotopes.

• The mass of the most abundant isotope of an element.

• The average mass of all atoms in a molecule.

Ionization Energy

• The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

• The energy required to add an electron to an atom.

• The energy required to break a bond between two atoms.

• The energy released when an electron is added to an atom.

Ionic Bond

• A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

• A bond that occurs between two nonmetals.

• A bond that involves the attraction between oppositely charged ions.