Assessment: Chapter 3—The Scientific Revolution

Which idea is explained by this diagram? (5.12.f)

• the origin of life

• the distance to Rome

• the anatomy of a human

• the theory developed by Copernicus

What does the circle at the center of the diagram represent?

• the sun

• Earth

• the moon

• the Milky Way

Which statement best explains why the Roman Catholic Church rejected Galileo’s scientific discoveries?

• a) Church leaders feared that Galileo’s discoveries would make people convert to other religions.

• b) Church leaders feared the rise of new technology.

• c) Church leaders felt that Galileo’s discoveries went against the Bible’s teachings.

• d) Church leaders were concerned that Galileo was becoming too powerful.

Which phrases best describe Renaissance ideas that influenced the Scientific Revolution? Select the two correct answers. (5.12)

• encouraging curiosity

• focusing on spirituality

• maintaining traditions

• defending rights

• exploring new lands

Which discovery belongs in Box A? (5.12)

• how to heal wounds faster

• how muscles are structured

• how blood pumps through the body

• how oxygen moves around the body

Which discoveries could go in Box B? Select the two correct answers. (5.12.g)

• Jupiter’s moons

• the existence of gravity

• the compound microscope

• the invention of movable type

• Earth’s moon’s mountains and valleys

Who belongs in Box D? (5.12)

• Tycho Brahe

• Isaac Newton

• Francis Bacon

• René Descartes

Which phrases best describe parts of Francis Bacon’s scientific method? Select the two correct answers. (5.12)

• relying on traditional ideas

• using math to understand the universe

• observing things in nature

• using science to solve real-life problems

• making predictions without observation

How did Isaac Newton develop his scientific method? (5.12)

• He combined the ideas of Descartes and Bacon.

• He used the existing methods of Galileo and Copernicus.

• He created a method based on instinct and repeatable tests.

• He followed the Church’s teachings about the presence of God in all things.

"To command professors of astronomy that they must themselves see to confuting [arguing against] their own observations and demonstrations is to ask the impossible, for it is not only to command them not to see what they do see, and not understand what they do understand, but to seek for and to find the contrary... it is not in the power of any creature to make them to be true or false, otherwise than as, in fact, they are."

Which statement summarizes Galileo’s argument?

• You cannot ask a scientist to teach something they know to be false.

• We don’t see or understand impossible things, so we can’t teach them.

• Things that can be observed and demonstrated are true; everything else is false.

• Humans cannot change facts, so there’s no use in trying to change how we teach them.