ART 2013 Module 2.4: Sculpture

Subtractive process; starting with a solid bock, removing materials using chisels and other tools to 'reveal' the finished form. Traditional materials: stone (especially marble) and fine grained woods. One of the oldest sculptural techniques

• Sculpting

• Whittling

• Modeling

• Carving

An additive process, in which material is steadily built up to produce the finished figure. Gives the sculptor the option of correcting mistakes by removing or reshaping the material. Common materials include clay, wax, plaster, and papier-mâchè.

• Modeling

• Molding

• Carving

• Kinetic

Is an internal frame or skeleton which supports a modeled sculpture. Typically made of a heavy gauge wire, bent and twisted to form the basic shape.

• clay model
• sculpting tool
• armature
• mold frame

A method of producing one or more copies of a sculpture. Typically the original sculpture is modelled as usual and covered with a molding material, which sets hard. The mold is reassembled and a casting material is poured into the void and left to set. Traditionally molten bronze is used, but modern is a modern alternative.

• Sculpting
• Carving
• Engraving
• Casting

A reversed impression of a sculpture which is used to cast replica sculptures. Material needs to accurately reproduce the surface detail of the original sculpture, while being strong enough to keep its shape. Typical materials: rubber, especially latex rubber, plaster and composites.

• Sculpture Base Material
• Mold

• Structural Support Material
• Artistic Finishing Material

A sculpture made from found objects. Typically does not disguise the original objects used, rather tries to show them in a new light, or forms a figurative sculpture from the collection of shapes.

• Collage art
• Mixed media painting
• Recycled material art
• Assemblage

Intentional environment created as a completed work of art. A well known artist: Alexander Calder

• Kinetic sculpture

• Installation

• Interactive digital display
• Static sculpture