STAAR Biology Cell Cycle/Cancer & Cell Differentiation Review

Dogs have 39 pairs of chromosomes in their somatic cells. In which part of the cell are these chromosomes REPLICATED during the cell cycle? Select the correct answer.

(a)  

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The life cycle of a frog is illustrated in the diagram. Which statement best explains how the cell cycle is important to the life cycle of the frog?

• It enables frogs to produce tadpoles that are clones.

• It allows frogs to grow, develop and reproduce.

• It prevents overproduction of frog offspring.

• It ensures the best adapted frogs survive and pass on traits to offspring.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-2

The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase. Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

• The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA Replication.

• The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

• The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

• The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

• F

• G

• H

• J

Scientists have reported more than 95% of the factors that lead to some types of cancers are caused by random DNA-copying errors. During which phase of the cell cycle do these DNA-copying errors most likely occur?

• S phase

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

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Which of these properties is only found in cancer cells?

• Presence of mitochondria

• Regulated gene expression

• Response to signals outside of the cell

• Unregulated cell division

Normal cells have a contact inhibition feedback mechanism that prevents the cells from replicating when other cells are touched. A diagram of cells with contact inhibition and cells without contact inhibition is shown. Which statement best describes what will happen to cells in an organism that lack contact inhibition?

• The cells will replicate normally, replacing body cells that die.

• The cells will continue to grow, causing a tumor in the body.

• The cells will replicate until the food supply for each cell is used, causing each cell to die.

• The cells will stop replicating once one layer is produced, as other body cells will crowd them out.

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During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling from the cell to divide. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in-

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of tumors

• the information of haploid cells

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When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as-

• an embryo

• a tumor

• a gland

• a organ

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Which of the following lists the stages of mitosis in the correct order?

•  anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase

• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

• prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

• telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

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