What technique ensures information and systems are accessible to authorized users when needed?

• Encryption

• Load balancing

• Firewalls

• Hash functions

Answer explanation

Encryption ensures that information is protected and only accessible to authorized users, allowing them to access systems and data securely when needed.

Which of the following can compromise data integrity by altering communication between two parties?

• Man-in-the-Middle attack

• Phishing attack

• Replay attack

• Social engineering attack

Answer explanation

A Man-in-the-Middle attack compromises data integrity by intercepting and altering communication between two parties, allowing the attacker to manipulate the data being exchanged.

Which software is essential for detecting and removing malicious threats from a device?

• Firewall

• Antivirus/Anti-malware

• Load balancer

• Password manager

Answer explanation

Antivirus/Anti-malware software is essential for detecting and removing malicious threats from a device, as it specifically targets viruses, malware, and other harmful software, unlike firewalls or password managers.

What is the purpose of using a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

• To filter web traffic

• To store data backups

• To provide secure remote access

• To increase internet speed

Answer explanation

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is primarily used to provide secure remote access to a private network over the internet, ensuring data privacy and security for users connecting from different locations.

What is the primary goal of integrity in the CIA model?

• Ensuring data remains accessible

• Ensuring data is accurate and unaltered

• Protecting data from unauthorized access

• Backing up data regularly

Answer explanation

The primary goal of integrity in the CIA model is to ensure data is accurate and unaltered. This means protecting data from being modified or corrupted, which is crucial for maintaining trust and reliability.

What is the primary purpose of implementing access control measures in a network?

• To perform system backups

• To restrict unauthorized access

• To enhance data replication

• To increase network speed

What is a recommended minimum length for secure passwords?

• 4-6 characters

• 8-10 characters

• 12-16 characters

• 20-24 characters

Answer explanation

A secure password should be at least 8-10 characters long to provide adequate protection against brute-force attacks. Longer passwords, such as 12-16 characters, are even better, but 8-10 is the recommended minimum.

What practice helps ensure devices are protected against malware infections?

• Disabling firewalls

• Using weak passwords

• Safe browsing practices

• Ignoring software updates

Answer explanation

Safe browsing practices help users avoid malicious websites and downloads, significantly reducing the risk of malware infections. In contrast, disabling firewalls, using weak passwords, and ignoring updates increase vulnerability.

Which authentication method involves using two or more factors like passwords and biometrics?

• Single-Factor Authentication

• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

• Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

• Symmetric encryption

Answer explanation

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) enhances security by requiring two or more verification methods, such as a password and biometrics, making it more secure than Single-Factor Authentication.

Which process keeps track of user activities by recording events and actions?

• Encryption

• Load balancing

• Accounting (Auditing)

• Bandwidth management

Answer explanation

Accounting (Auditing) is the process that tracks user activities by recording events and actions, making it essential for monitoring and security purposes.