15 Social Cognition

What is a heuristic?

• A type of social judgment
  

• 
  b) A mental shortcut
  

• 
  c) A scientific method
  

• d) A personality trait

Which psychologists argued that people conserve cognitive energy?

• a) Kahneman & Tversky
  

• b) Fiske & Taylor
  

• 
  c) Asch & Zajonc
  

• d) Darley & Gross

What does "priming" do?

• a) Increases logical thinking
  

• 
  b) Affects perception by previous exposure
  

• 
  c) Eliminates biases
  

• d) Strengthens memory recall

What is the false-consensus effect?

• a) Assuming most people share your opinions
  

• b) Believing only experts can make decisions
  

• 
  c) Trusting only what you see on TV
  

• 
  d) Preferring group opinions over individual ones

What is an example of availability heuristic?

• Assuming all accountants are boring

• Solving math problems using logic

• Choosing a college based on statistics

• Believing shark attacks are more common than falling airplane parts

What is the "fundamental attribution error"?

• Believing everyone acts the same way

• Ignoring personal factors in judgments

• Overestimating personality traits in behavior explanations

• Always blaming external circumstances

The "halo effect" causes people to:

• Prefer logic over emotions

• Judge everyone equally

• Ignore negative traits of a person they like

• Always see others positively

In Asch’s experiment, what influenced people’s perception of Steve?

• The order of adjectives used

• His facial expressions

• His real-life personality

• His facial expressions

What is the confirmation bias?

• Believing everyone thinks like you

• Preferring expert opinions

• Seeking evidence that confirms existing beliefs

• Ignoring new information

What is ingroup favoritism?

• Choosing decisions randomly

• Viewing all groups as equal

• Believing outsiders are better than insiders

• Preferring members of your own group over others