Function of mouth and esophagus

Mastication is controlled by brain stem nuclei and motor branch of trigeminal nerve

• True

• False

What happen during mastication

• Food will cause reflex inhibition of mastication muscle

• Food will stimulate mastication muscle

• Jaw drops will stimulate stretch reflex

• Stretch reflex lead to jaw rebound and closure

Salivary secretion is primarily controlled by sympathethic signals

• True

• False

What happen during pharyngeal stage of swallowing

• Soft palate elevate to close off posterior nares

• Palatopharyngeal folds move laterally

• Epiglottis swings backward to cover laryngeal openings

• Temporary inhibition of respiratory center

• Upper esophageal will contract

Swallowing is a complex process that involves

signaling between the pharynx and swallowing center

in the brain stem. Which structure is critical for

determining whether a bolus of food is small enough

to be swallowed?

• Epiglottis

• Larynx

• Palatopharyngeal folds

• Soft palate

The following are true regarding receptive relaxation of stomach

• Wave of relaxation precedes peristalsis wave

• Relaxation of entire stomach

• Contraction of duodenum

Tonic constriction is to prevent backflow of stomach contents into esophagus

• True

• False

When intra abdominal pressure increase, distal end of esophagus will cave inward to prevent backflow of stomach contents

• True

• False

This disorder is caused by lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax during swallowing. This is caused by damage in the neural network of the myenteric plexus in the lower thirds of the oesophagus.

As a result, food swallowed into the oesophagus then fails to pass from the oesophagus into the stomach.

• Achlorhydria

• Achalasia

• Pernicious anaemia

• Idiopathic sprue