2025 Judicial Vocabulary

Higher courts that ONLY hear cases that have been appealed.  They do not hear new trials

• Appellate Jurisdiction
• Appellate Courts
• Original Courts
• Remand

To ask a higher court to review your case if you are unhappy with outcome (verdict)

• Verdict
• Sentencing
• Warrant
• Appeal

The outcome of the case; the decision made by the jury in a jury trial or the judge in a bench trial

• Appeal
• Verdict
• Jurisdiction
• Sentence

When an appellate court upholds, or keeps the original verdict of the trial court the same

• Affirm
• Remand
• Reverse
• Appeal

The highest court in America.  They only hear cases of national importance or cases that deal with the interpretation of the US Constitution

• Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court
• General District Court
• The Federal Court System
• The Supreme Court

Items used to prove fact or truth in a case

• subpoena
• evidence
• Judicial Review
• Jurisdiction

An official summons to appear in court

• subpoena
• verdict
• remand
• evidence

The lower level courts that only hear trials (original jurisdiction) and do not hear appeals

• District Courts
• The Federal Court System
• The Supreme Court
• Appellate Courts

A trial where the verdict is determined by a jury, a group of 12 citizens who determine the outcome of the case

• Criminal
• Appellate
• Original
• Jury Trial

The ability to enforce the law or hear a court case

• Judicial Review
• Verdict
• Remand
• Jurisdiction