bio quiz 10.4-5

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

• the wings of a red-tailed hawk
• the hind limbs of a house cat
• the fins of a shark
• the wings of an ostrich

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• no evolutionary relationship between the groups
• recent common ancestry
• similar environments in the past
• evolution from a distant common ancestor

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as

• vestigial structures.
• analogous structures.
• homologous structures.
• fossil structures.

If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)

• close relative.
• early ancestor.
• unrelated organism.
• embryological stage.

Two organism that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequences.
• exactly the same DNA sequences.
• no proteins in common.
• completely different DNA sequences.

What are pseudogenes?

• cell structures that function like genes
• gene sequences that no longer function
• protein sequences that look like genes
• mutations in nucleotides

Evolution is considered to be one of the most important theories in science, because it

• was developed more than 100 years ago.
• is not supported by the fossil record.
• unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry and ecology.
• was discovered by Charles Darwin, a famous scientist.

Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a

• coincidence.
• lack of evolutionary relationship.
• great number of mutations.
• shared ancestry.

Which of the following is best related to homologous structures?

• pseudogenes, since they are no longer functional DNA
• coding DNA that evolved simultaneously and isn’t inherited from a common ancestor
• proteins that happen to be similar due to selection in similar environments
• pseudogenes, since they have to be inherited from a common ancestor

Which of the following is best related to analogous structures?

• homeobox genes that are grouped similarly in different species
• coding DNA that evolved simultaneously and isn’t inherited from a common ancestor
• similar proteins that are inherited from common ancestors
• pseudogenes, since they have to be inherited from a common ancestor