What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment show?

DNA replication is semiconservative

DNA replication is conservative

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template

What is the function of a promoter in transcription?

To signal the start of transcription

To start the process of protein synthesis

Coding regions that are spliced together to form mRNA

Parts of DNA that do not get transcribed

Regions that control gene expression

Codon is defined as a sequence of three nucleotides that encodes an amino acid. Choose the correct definition:

A sequence of three nucleotides that specifies an amino acid during protein synthesis.

A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to a ribosome.

A protein that catalyzes metabolic reactions.

A lipid molecule involved in cell membrane structure.

What happens during translation?

Proteins are spliced into exons

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

To bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

What is a 5' cap and its function?

A) A sequence added to mRNA to help it leave the nucleus

B) A protein that helps assemble ribosomes

C) A molecule that starts translation

What is the function of the poly-A tail?

To add a protective coating to RNA

To signal the end of transcription

What are stop codons?

Codons that signal the end of translation

Codons that signal the beginning of translation

Codons that code for the start of transcription

Codons that initiate RNA splicing

What is the ribosome's function in translation?

To assemble proteins from amino acids

What is gene expression?

The activation or deactivation of genes in response to signals

The process of translating RNA into protein

What is a promoter in gene regulation?

A) A protein that binds to DNA to activate genes

B) A sequence that signals the start of transcription

C) A sequence that deactivates genes

D) A protein that breaks down RNA

What role do enhancers play in gene expression?

They increase the transcription of a gene

They regulate the synthesis of RNA

They prevent the binding of RNA polymerase

What are silencers in gene regulation?

Sequences that prevent gene expression

Sequences that promote gene expression

Proteins that initiate transcription

What is the function of transcription factors?

To bind to DNA and control transcription

How do prokaryotes regulate gene expression?

By using transcription factors only

What is the lac operon?

C) A system that regulates gene expression in bacteria

A) A sequence of DNA that regulates the synthesis of lactose

B) A gene that activates protein synthesis

D) A protein involved in gene repression

What is an inducible operon?

An operon that can be turned on by a specific molecule

An operon that is always active

An operon that is never expressed

An operon that is expressed only in the presence of a repressor

An operon that can be turned on by an inducer

An operon that is always active

An operon that prevents transcription

An operon that is only active during cell division

How do eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?

By modifying histones and using enhancers

By using a single transcription factor

What is RNA interference (RNAi)?

B) A process that degrades mRNA and prevents gene expression

A) A process that enhances gene expression

C) A process that synthesizes proteins

D) A process that modifies histones

A change in the structure of DNA

A normal function in gene expression

What is a point mutation?

A) A mutation that changes a single nucleotide

B) A mutation that causes a chromosomal rearrangement

C) A mutation that changes multiple genes

D) A mutation that does not affect the gene

What is a frameshift mutation?

B) A mutation that causes a shift in the reading frame of mRNA

A) A mutation that does not affect the sequence

C) A mutation that causes a single amino acid change

D) A mutation that corrects errors in DNA replication

What is a silent mutation?

A) A mutation that causes no change in the protein

B) A mutation that leads to a nonfunctional protein

C) A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence

What is a missense mutation?

A) A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein

B) A mutation that causes no change in the protein

C) A mutation that causes a frameshift

D) A mutation that repairs the DNA

What is a nonsense mutation?

A) A mutation that causes an amino acid to be replaced by a stop codon

B) A mutation that does not affect the protein

C) A mutation that adds nucleotides

D) A mutation that creates a protein duplication

How do mutations affect an organism?

They can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful

A) A substance that causes mutations

B) A protein that repairs mutations

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is composed of a double helix structure, and its primary function is to store genetic information.

It has a double helix structure and stores genetic information.

It is a single-stranded molecule with catalytic activity.

It forms a triple helix and serves as an energy source.

It has a random coil structure and acts as a structural component.

Chromosome: Determine the structure of chromosomes in a cell and their role in heredity.

They are composed of DNA and proteins and are responsible for carrying genetic information.

They are composed solely of proteins without any genetic purpose.

They are made of RNA that plays a minor part in heredity.

They are not involved in hereditary transmission at all.

Gene: Determine the relationship between genes and traits.

Genes are not related to traits.

Genes sometimes influence traits.

Allele: Alleles contribute to genetic variation by providing different forms of a gene that can lead to different traits.

They provide different forms of a gene that vary between individuals

They introduce uniform traits in a population

They only affect environmental responses

They eliminate genetic differences

Genotype determines the organism's inherited traits, which express as the phenotype.

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup that determines the organism's traits expressed as the phenotype.

Genotype has no role in determining the phenotype.

Genotype only affects the phenotype in the case of recessive traits.

Phenotype is derived independently of the genotype.

Phenotype: What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? Choose the most accurate explanation.

A genotype refers to the set of genes while phenotype represents the observable physical or biochemical traits.

A genotype refers to the observable traits while phenotype represents the genetic makeup.

There is no difference between genotype and phenotype.

Genotype is the environmental influence, whereas phenotype is the genetic constitution.

Dominant allele: The effect of a dominant allele on a genotype is that it expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

It expresses its trait even in heterozygous condition.

It expresses its trait only in homozygous condition.

It has no effect on the genotype.

Recessive allele: A recessive allele expresses itself in the phenotype only when it is present in a homozygous condition.

When it is present in two copies.

When it is present in one copy.

When it is mixed with a dominant allele.

Homozygous: It means that an organism has two identical alleles for a trait.

The organism has two identical alleles for a trait.

The organism has two different alleles for a trait.

The organism has one allele for a trait.

The organism is heterozygous for a trait.

Heterozygous: A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles, whereas a homozygous genotype has two identical alleles.

It has two different alleles whereas a homozygous genotype has two identical alleles.

It means there are multiple alleles instead of two.

It implies that both alleles are non-functional.

Punnett square: It is used to predict the inheritance of traits by calculating the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

Predicting genotype and phenotype ratios

Observing traits directly under a microscope

Measuring physical characteristics only

Codominance: Codominance is when both alleles are equally expressed and contribute to the phenotype, whereas in incomplete dominance the phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

Both alleles are expressed equally and distinctly, unlike incomplete dominance which shows a blending of traits.

Alleles are never equally expressed; one always dominates in codominance.

Both alleles mix to form an intermediate trait in codominance.

There is no difference between codominance and incomplete dominance.

Chapter 14: From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression

Authored by Siara Dillon

Biology

12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 2+ times

Chapter 14: From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression

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To unwind the DNA

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Chapter 14: From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression

What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

What are the steps in DNA replication?

Where does DNA replication begin?

What is DNA polymerase responsible for?

What is a primer in DNA replication?

What are Okazaki fragments?

What is the role of DNA ligase?

Which replication model describes each double helix having one old and one new strand?

What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment show?

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

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