Synaptic Transmission

What ion triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron?

• Sodium (Na⁺)

• Potassium (K⁺)

• Calcium (Ca²⁺)

• Chloride (Cl^-)

Which process describes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Diffusion

• Phagocytosis

What is the small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons called?

• Axon hillock

• Synaptic cleft

• Synaptic vesicle

• Neurotransmitter receptor

Which type of receptor directly opens ion channels when a neurotransmitter binds?

• Metabotropic receptor

• G-protein-coupled receptor

• Ionotropic receptor

• Voltage-gated receptor

What occurs during an EPSP?

• The neuron becomes hyperpolarized

• The membrane potential moves closer to threshold

• The postsynaptic neuron becomes less likely to fire an action potential

• Chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron

What happens during an IPSP?

• The postsynaptic neuron becomes more likely to fire

• The postsynaptic neuron depolarizes

• The postsynaptic membrane hyperpolarizes

• Sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron

What is the process by which a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft by
the presynaptic neuron?

• Reuptake

• Diffusion

• Enzymatic degradation

• Hyperpolarization

What occurs when neurotransmitters activate metabotropic receptors?

• Ion channels open directly

• G-proteins or intracellular signaling pathways are activated

• Neurotransmitter release is blocked

• Calcium enters the postsynaptic neuron

Which of the following best describes temporal summation?

• Multiple EPSPs from different synapses occur simultaneously

• A single neuron fires action potentials in rapid succession

• IPSPs and EPSPs cancel each other out

• The neurotransmitter is removed by enzymes in the cleft

Where does summation of EPSPs and IPSPs typically occur in the neuron?

• Dendrites

• Axon terminals

• Axon hillock

• Synaptic cleft