topic 6 pt 1 ppt notes

In the scenario with a chemical gradient for K+ and no electrical gradient, where is more K+ located?

• On the left side

• On the right side

• Evenly distributed

• No K+ present

In the diagram with an electrical gradient, what is the charge distribution on the left side?

• More net positive charges

• More net negative charges

• Equal positive and negative charges

• No charges

What type of transport is indicated by the flow from high to low concentration?

• Active transport

• Passive transport

• No transport

• Reverse transport

Which ion has a higher concentration inside the cell compared to outside in a typical mammalian neuron?

• Na+

• K+

• Cl-

• Ca++

What is the primary mechanism for establishing ion gradients in neurons?

• Passive diffusion

• Active transport

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

What is the extracellular concentration of Ca++ ions in a typical mammalian neuron?

• 1.2 mM

• 0.0001 mM

• 150 mM

• 65 mM

Which ion's flow is described as passive and down the gradient at rest in a typical mammalian neuron?

• Na+

• K+

• Cl-

• Ca++

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

• To transport glucose across the cell membrane

• To maintain the cell's electrical gradient

• To synthesize ATP

• To break down proteins

How many sodium ions are moved out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

What molecule provides the energy for the sodium-potassium pump to function?

• Glucose

• ATP

• ADP

• NADH