ADDITIVE BILINGUALISM

1. Additive bilingualism occurs when students develop proficiency in a second language while maintaining their first language.

1. Research has shown that bilingualism has no impact on cognitive or academic development.

Bilingual students typically develop greater metalinguistic awareness compared to monolingual students.

According to the threshold hypothesis, students must reach a certain level of proficiency in both languages to maximize cognitive and academic benefits.

If bilingual students fail to develop literacy in both languages, their academic progress may suffer.

1. The interdependence principle suggests that learning literacy in one language does not influence literacy development in another language.

1. Studies have shown that instructional time in a minority language negatively impacts students’ academic performance in the majority language.

Research supports the idea that literacy skills can transfer between languages, even when the languages are very different.

1. Bilingual programs always lead to academic success, regardless of instructional quality.

1. Bilingual programs always lead to academic success, regardless of instructional quality.