11.1 Text A

Frederic Griffith discovered transformation in his experiments on mice and Pneumococcus bacteria. He injected the mice with combinations of harmless, R-strain bacteria and disease-causing S-strain bacteria. Which combination of bacteria killed the mice and showed that transformation occurred?

• heat-killed R-strain and live S-strain
• heat-killed S-strain and live R-strain
• heat-killed bacteria of both strains
• live bacteria of both strains

To learn more about Griffith’s experiment, scientists extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that ____________________ no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed (lipids / proteins / DNA / RNA / carbohydrates). This experiment supports the hypothesis that (lipids / proteins / DNA / RNA / carbohydrates) is the genetic material.

• transformation
• translation
• transcription

To learn more about Griffith’s experiment, scientists extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that (transformation / translation / transcription) no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed _____________________________. This experiment supports the hypothesis that (lipids / proteins / DNA / RNA / carbohydrates) is the genetic material.

• lipids
• proteins
• DNA
• RNA
• carbohydrates

To learn more about Griffith’s experiment, scientists extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that (transformation / translation / transcription) no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed (lipids / proteins / DNA / RNA / carbohydrates). This experiment supports the hypothesis that ___________________________ is the genetic material.

• lipids
• proteins
• DNA
• RNA
• carbohydrates

Which statements describe a bacteriophage? Select all that apply.

• It is a type of virus that infects bacteria.
• It is a type of bacteria that infects viruses.
• It is a virus consisting of a protein coat and a DNA core.
• It is a bacterial strain consisting of protein and a DNA core.

The diagram illustrates the bacteriophages used in the Hershey-Chase experiment What was the purpose of marking the bacteriophages with phosphorus-32 and sulfur-35?

• to track the movements of DNA and sugars
• to track the movements of DNA and proteins
• to remove DNA and sugars from the bacteriophages
• to combine DNA and proteins into a single molecule

What are three tasks that DNA must be able to perform in all organisms? Select three answer choices.

• It must store genetic information.
• It must discard foreign genes.
• It must instruct cells to produce needed molecules.
• It must copy itself.
• It must move to locations throughout the cell.

When does transformation occur?

• It must store genetic information.
• It must discard foreign genes.
• It must instruct cells to produce needed molecules.
• It must copy itself.
• It must move to locations throughout the cell.

When does transformation occur?

• when an organism receives foreign RNA that is transformed into DNA
• when DNA is transformed into RNA
• when bacteria are killed with heat
• when a cell receives foreign DNA that is expressed as a new characteristic

1. What was Frederick Griffith's original research focus in 1928?

• The chemical nature of genes
• The treatment of pneumonia
• How certain bacteria cause pneumonia
• The transformation of DNA