chapter 11 stimulus pt1

Source 1: Lin Zexu, letter to Queen Victoria, 1839
“You have used opium to poison our people in China in order to profit your own country. We have heard that you do not allow opium to be sold in England—why then do you insist on forcing this poison upon us? We will not tolerate this destruction of our people any longer. We demand that you halt this trade at once.”

Which of the following best explains why Lin Zexu’s appeal was ultimately ineffective?

• The Qing Dynasty had a powerful navy capable of resisting British intervention.

• Britain had economic and military superiority, allowing it to dictate trade terms.

• The Qing government had already legalized opium to avoid further conflict.

• The Chinese people overwhelmingly supported continued opium trade.

Source 1: Lin Zexu, letter to Queen Victoria, 1839
“You have used opium to poison our people in China in order to profit your own country. We have heard that you do not allow opium to be sold in England—why then do you insist on forcing this poison upon us? We will not tolerate this destruction of our people any longer. We demand that you halt this trade at once.”

Which of the following best describes how Britain justified its continued trade of opium despite Lin Zexu’s appeal?

• Britain argued that free trade was an inherent right and could not be restricted.

• Britain claimed that opium had significant medicinal benefits for Chinese consumers.

• Britain maintained that the Qing government had no legal authority over foreign merchants.

• Britain insisted that opium sales helped fund industrial development in China.

Source 1: Lin Zexu, letter to Queen Victoria, 1839
“You have used opium to poison our people in China in order to profit your own country. We have heard that you do not allow opium to be sold in England—why then do you insist on forcing this poison upon us? We will not tolerate this destruction of our people any longer. We demand that you halt this trade at once.”

Which of the following developments in the late 19th century most closely mirrored Lin Zexu’s concerns regarding economic exploitation?

• The scramble for Africa by European imperial powers.

• The independence movements in Latin America.

• The spread of communism in Russia and China.

• The expansion of the United States into the Pacific.

Source 2: Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion, proclamation to his followers, 1853
“The corrupt Qing rulers have forsaken the Mandate of Heaven, allowing foreign demons to poison our lands. We will establish the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, where all men and women will be equal, where land will be shared, and where idolatry will be crushed.”

Which of the following best explains why the Qing government struggled to suppress the Taiping Rebellion?

• The rebellion was supported by Western missionaries who aided its expansion.

• The Qing lacked a professional army and had to rely on regional militias.

• The rebellion had widespread support among Manchu elites.

• The Taiping forces were better armed than the Qing imperial army.

Source 2: Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion, proclamation to his followers, 1853
“The corrupt Qing rulers have forsaken the Mandate of Heaven, allowing foreign demons to poison our lands. We will establish the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, where all men and women will be equal, where land will be shared, and where idolatry will be crushed.”

Which of the following aspects of Hong Xiuquan’s movement made it particularly radical in 19th-century China?

• Its acceptance of Western-style industrialization.

• Its rejection of Confucian hierarchy and advocacy for gender equality.

• Its appeal to the Qing emperor to initiate reforms.

• Its demand for continued imperial rule under Manchu leadership.

Source 2: Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion, proclamation to his followers, 1853
“The corrupt Qing rulers have forsaken the Mandate of Heaven, allowing foreign demons to poison our lands. We will establish the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, where all men and women will be equal, where land will be shared, and where idolatry will be crushed.”

The Qing Dynasty’s suppression of the Taiping Rebellion most directly contributed to which of the following?

• The eventual overthrow of the Qing by the Boxer Rebellion.

• Increased reliance on regional military leaders, weakening central authority.

• The establishment of a constitutional monarchy in China.

• The immediate adoption of Western economic policies.

Source 3: Sultan Selim III, edict on military reform, 1792
“The Janissaries, once the pride of our empire, have become corrupt and unfit for modern warfare. We must introduce new European-style training and weapons if we are to restore the Ottoman Empire’s former glory.”

Sultan Selim III’s attempts at military reform most directly led to which of the following?

• The successful modernization of the Ottoman military, allowing it to defeat Russia.

• The violent opposition of the Janissaries, leading to his eventual downfall.

• The direct intervention of European powers in Ottoman internal affairs.

• The establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Tanzimat Reforms.

Source 3: Sultan Selim III, edict on military reform, 1792
“The Janissaries, once the pride of our empire, have become corrupt and unfit for modern warfare. We must introduce new European-style training and weapons if we are to restore the Ottoman Empire’s former glory.”

The failure of Sultan Selim III’s reforms best illustrates which broader trend in Ottoman history?

• The gradual strengthening of the empire’s control over its provinces.

• The growing power of local military elites at the expense of central authority.

• The increasing role of Islamic fundamentalism in government policies.

• The rapid industrialization of the Ottoman economy.

Source 3: Sultan Selim III, edict on military reform, 1792
“The Janissaries, once the pride of our empire, have become corrupt and unfit for modern warfare. We must introduce new European-style training and weapons if we are to restore the Ottoman Empire’s former glory.”

Which of the following later Ottoman reform movements most successfully built upon Selim III’s efforts?

• The Young Turk Revolution of 1908.

• The Pan-Islamic movement led by Abdul Hamid II.

• The conquest of Egypt under Muhammad Ali.

• The abolition of the millet system.

Source 4: Japanese Emperor Meiji, Charter Oath, 1868
“The government shall be based on public discussion, and knowledge shall be sought throughout the world to strengthen Japan.”

Which of the following best explains how the Meiji Restoration transformed Japan’s political structure?

• It led to the abolition of the emperor and the rise of a socialist government.

• It centralized authority under the emperor while adopting Western political institutions.

• It maintained a feudal structure but introduced new Western-style laws.

• It created a parliament with full democratic elections.