5.1 Physical Geography and Agriculture

Pastoralist

• People who raise crops for commercial sale.

• People who raise livestock, generally for subsistence, and whose lives revolve around tending to the animals under their care.

• People who live in urban areas and work in factories.

• People who hunt and gather food from the wild.

Climate region

• Broad global areas that share similar long-term weather patterns.

• Specific locations with unique weather conditions.

• Temporary weather phenomena in a localized area.

• Regions defined by their geographical features.

Mixed crop and livestock farming

• A type of agriculture where only crops are produced for human consumption.

• A farming method that exclusively raises livestock without any crops.

• A type of agriculture where crops are primarily fed to livestock rather than being produced for human consumption.

• A system of farming that focuses solely on organic produce.

Intensive agriculture

• A method of farming that uses minimal resources and land.

• A category of agricultural production that requires high investments of machinery, labor, capital, or fertilizers compared with the amount of land used.

• A type of agriculture that focuses on organic farming practices.

• A farming technique that relies solely on natural rainfall for crop growth.

Climate

• Long-term weather patterns that predominate in a given location and are influenced by latitude, altitude, and proximity to large bodies of water.

• Short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area.

• The average temperature of a location over a week.

• The seasonal variations in weather patterns over a month.

Subsistence agriculture

• Large-scale production of food for sale in markets.

• Self-sufficient, small-scale production of food, intended primarily for consumption by a farmer's family.

• Agriculture that relies heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

• Farming that focuses on cash crops for export.

Extensive agriculture

• A category of agricultural production that requires high investments of machinery, labor, capital, or fertilizers compared with the amount of land used.

• A type of farming that focuses on maximizing crop yields through intensive use of resources.

• A category of agricultural production that, unlike intensive agriculture, requires low investments of machinery, labor, capital, or fertilizers compared with the amount of land used.

• A method of agriculture that relies solely on organic farming practices without any machinery.

Plantation agriculture

• A system of subsistence farming in temperate regions.

• A method of organic farming that focuses on biodiversity.

• A system of commercial farming, typically used in tropical or subtropical environments, in which cash crops are cultivated for profit on large estates.

• A type of farming that relies solely on animal husbandry.

Migrate

• The forced movement of people to a new location.

• The unforced movement of people to a new location. The movement usually occurs because of a potential opportunity in the new location.

• The movement of animals to different habitats during seasonal changes.

• The relocation of people due to natural disasters.

Nomadic herding

• A type of agriculture where crops are grown in fixed locations.

• A type of agriculture in which people move flocks of domesticated animals seasonally or in order to find the best grazing locations.

• A method of farming that relies solely on technology and machinery.

• A practice of raising fish in controlled environments.